{"id":7794,"date":"2016-03-15T11:41:23","date_gmt":"2016-03-15T09:41:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.erm.ee\/?p=7794"},"modified":"2016-03-15T19:12:26","modified_gmt":"2016-03-15T17:12:26","slug":"ermis-on-hiinat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.erm.ee\/?p=7794","title":{"rendered":"ERMis on Hiinat"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Urmas Pappel
\n<\/em><\/p>\n

Hiina on popp. Umbes k\u00fcmme aastat tagasi hakati Eesti avalikkuses r\u00e4\u00e4kima meie majanduslikest v\u00f5imalustest Hiina Rahvavabariigis. Samal ajal tegi omakorda Pekingi esindus Eestis esimesi samme, et eestlastele hiina kultuuri ja ajalugu tutvustada. Sedasi on Hiina muutunud pea m\u00e4rkamatult meie igap\u00e4evaelu osaks ja kipub ununema, et veel k\u00fcmmekond aastat tagasi kuulsime me sellest kaugest riigist \u00fcpris harva. Veelgi v\u00e4hem tuntud t\u00f5siasi on aga see, et eestlased hakkasid Hiinast huvituma juba sadakond aastat tagasi. 19. sajandi v\u00e4ltel laiendas Vene keisririik oma valdusi Ida-Aasias ning oletatavasti j\u00f5udsid siis Qingi keisririiki (viimane Hiina keisririik, mis langes 1911. aastal) ka esimesed eestlased. 20. sajandi esimeses pooles kasvas eestlaste kogukond j\u00f5udsalt, koondudes eelk\u00f5ige Shanghaisse ja P\u00f5hja-Hiinas asuvasse Harbini.<\/p>\n

\"029554_ERM_C_43_1_a_d\"<\/a>S\u00f6\u00f6gipulgad. ERM C 43:1\/a-d<\/em><\/p>\n

Eestlaste sajanditagusest huvist Hiina vastu annavad tunnistust ajapikku siia j\u00f5udnud ja hiljem Eesti Rahva Muuseumile (ERM) \u00fcle antud esemed. V\u00e4hesed silmad on neid mikalentpaberisse m\u00e4hitud ja kenasti sildistatud museaale n\u00e4inud ning veel v\u00e4hem on neid, kellel on \u00f5nnestunud neid esemeid k\u00e4es hoida ja l\u00e4hemalt vaadelda. M\u00f5ned n\u00e4dalad tagasi mulle selline haruldane v\u00f5imalus avanes.<\/p>\n

\"029562_ERM_C_4_3\"<\/a>Keelpill. ERM C 4:3<\/em><\/p>\n

ERMi kolimiseelses melus toodi Veski t\u00e4nava maja teise korruse lae alt minu ette viis kastit\u00e4it Hiinast p\u00e4rinevaid esemeid, igal esemel oma lugu. Osa museaalidest olid kunagi \u00d5petatud Eesti Seltsi kogus, mis anti ERMile \u00fcle 1923. aastal, teine osa esemetest on aga kuulunud eraisikutele. Museaalide hulgas on portselanist vaase ja kujusid, pronksist ja nefriidist (tugev rohekasvalge kivi) esemeid, lehvikuid ja k\u00fc\u00fcnlaid, ajakirju ja tindijoonistusi, kuid ka mitmeid \u00fcpris m\u00f5istatuslikke objekte.<\/p>\n

\"C_1_118_119\"<\/a>Figuur. ERM C 1:118 ja ERM C 1:119<\/em><\/p>\n

N\u00e4iteks on \u00fche \u00fcmmarguse sinise karbikese sees kabenupu suurused kettad, \u00fcks terve ja teine purunenud. Neil on kujutatud buddhat ja ilmselt on tegemist talismanidega, kuid kindel ei v\u00f5i olla. Kuigi Hiina kultuuriruumis on levinud mitmeid lauam\u00e4nge, siis m\u00e4ngunuppudega kindlasti tegemist ei ole, sest viimastel ei kujutataks buddha isikut. Pealegi on kahe kettakujulise talismaniga koos \u00fcks samades m\u00f5\u00f5tmetes tagurpidi kilbi-kujuline ese, millel on samuti kujutatud buddha. See annab alust arvata, et tegemist on siiski talismanide v\u00f5i kaasaskantava altari osistega.<\/p>\n

\"029405_ERM_C_1_365_1_16\"<\/a>Malendid. ERM C 1:365\/1-16<\/em><\/p>\n

Religioosse otstarbega esemeid on ERMi museaalide seas mitmeid. Ilmselt pakkusid just need oma erilisuses toonastele kogujatele k\u00f5ige enam huvi. Esile v\u00f5ib tuua n\u00e4iteks erinevatest materjalidest, ka elevandiluust ja valgest kivist tahutud Guanyini kujusid. Kristlased on pidanud seda last kandvat ja valgesse r\u00fc\u00fcsse r\u00f5ivastatud kaastunde jumalannat tihti ka Neitsi Maarjaks.<\/p>\n

\"029504_ERM_C_1_198\"<\/a>Figuur. ERM C 1:198<\/em><\/p>\n

Vaieldamatult k\u00f5ige huvitavam ese ERMi Hiina kogus on nn \u201ekosjapulk\u201c. Pean tunnistama, et sellisest esemest ei ole ma varem hiina kultuuri kontekstis kuulnud. Muuseumile eseme kinkinud Pent Nurmekunna arvates on see 9 cm pikkune k\u00e4ele k\u00fclm ja raske ese zhui <\/em>ehk kosjapulk. Noormees saadab kosjapulga neiule ning \u201ekui see vastu v\u00f5etakse, on ka kosjad vastu v\u00f5etud,\u201c kirjutab Nurmekund oma kommentaarides. Eriti humoorikas ja samas iseenesestm\u00f5istetav on t\u00e4iendus, et \u201eimperaatoritel olid taolised pulgad palju suuremad\u201c. Kui tegemist on t\u00f5epoolest kosjapulgaga, siis v\u00f5iks veel oletada, et imperaatoritel oli neid pulki lausa mitu, kuna Hiina keisritel oli lisaks konkubiinidele tavaliselt ka mitu ametlikku naist.<\/p>\n

\"029455_ERM_C_53_33\"<\/a>Kosjapulk (?). ERM C 53:33<\/em><\/p>\n

Andes endale aru, et ma ei ole hiina ajaloolane ega antropoloog, ega tunne p\u00f5hjalikult ka sealseid abiellumisega kaasnevaid kombetalitlusi, julgen ma ometi Nurmekunna pakutud seletuses kahelda. Hiina traditsioonis on k\u00fcll levinud kingituste kinkimine, kuid v\u00e4hemalt t\u00e4nap\u00e4eval ei kuulu kihlumise juurde k\u00e4ivate kingituste hulka eelkirjeldatud ese. Kingitakse eelk\u00f5ige ehteid, komme, puuvilju ja muid maiustusi. Pigem meenutab nn kosjapulk oma kujult hiina pintslialust, kuhu pintsel kirjutamise v\u00f5i maalimise pausil toetatakse. Samuti v\u00f5ib tegemist olla s\u00f6\u00f6gipulkade toetusalusega. Igal juhul on kirjeldatud ese alt lame ja v\u00e4ikese jalakesega – museaal on ilmselgelt m\u00f5eldud siledale pinnale asetamiseks. Miks peaks kosjapulk s\u00e4\u00e4rase kujuga olema, j\u00e4\u00e4b m\u00f5istetamatuks.<\/p>\n

\"029486_ERM_C_1_20\"<\/a>Kingad, laste. ERM C 1:20<\/em><\/p>\n

ERMi kogus on ka hulk v\u00e4ikeseid sussikesi, mis justkui kuuluksid lastele, kuid tegelikult kandsid neid t\u00e4iskasvanud naised. Iidsete esteetikan\u00f5uete kohaselt murti t\u00fctarlaste p\u00e4kaluud ning seoti siis jalad tugevasti kinni, et need edasi ei kasvaks. V\u00e4ikesed jalad olid seksikad, kuid hoidsid \u00fchtlasi k\u00f5rgest soost naisi s\u00f5na otseses m\u00f5ttes kodu juures kinni, et need ei sekkuks meeste maailma. Jalgade sidumise traditsioon katkes l\u00f5plikult alles 1949. aastal, ent veel t\u00e4nagi on elus vanu naisi, kelle jalad on sama tillukesed, kui v\u00e4ikestel lastel.<\/p>\n

\"029489_ERM_C_37_4_ab\"<\/a>Saapad. ERM C 37:4\/ab<\/em><\/p>\n

\"029488_ERM_C_43_3\"<\/a>King, naise. ERM C 43:3<\/em><\/p>\n

\"029490_ERM_C_17_6\"<\/a>King, naiste. ERM C 17:6<\/em><\/p>\n

Kolimiseelse ERMi kogudes olevaid Hiinaga seotud esemeid on m\u00f5istagi veel ning k\u00f5ik v\u00e4\u00e4riksid omaette t\u00e4helepanu, uurimist ja kirjeldamist. Loodetavasti leiavad need v\u00e4\u00e4rtuslikud museaalid endale uues kodus Raadil v\u00e4\u00e4rilise koha ning ehk j\u00f5uab keegi kunagi ka nende p\u00f5hjaliku uurimiseni.<\/p>\n

\"029557_ERM_C_1_1\"<\/a>Tapeet. ERM C 1:1<\/em><\/p>\n

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Urmas Pappel Hiina on popp. Umbes k\u00fcmme aastat tagasi hakati Eesti avalikkuses r\u00e4\u00e4kima meie majanduslikest v\u00f5imalustest Hiina Rahvavabariigis. Samal ajal tegi omakorda Pekingi esindus Eestis esimesi samme, et eestlastele hiina kultuuri ja ajalugu tutvustada. Sedasi on Hiina muutunud pea m\u00e4rkamatult meie igap\u00e4evaelu osaks ja kipub ununema, et veel k\u00fcmmekond aastat tagasi kuulsime me sellest kaugest…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7801,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7794","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-museaal"],"yoast_head":"\nERMis on Hiinat - Eesti Rahva Muuseumi ajaveeb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.erm.ee\/?p=7794\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"et_EE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"ERMis on Hiinat - Eesti Rahva Muuseumi ajaveeb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Urmas Pappel Hiina on popp. Umbes k\u00fcmme aastat tagasi hakati Eesti avalikkuses r\u00e4\u00e4kima meie majanduslikest v\u00f5imalustest Hiina Rahvavabariigis. 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