{"id":2567,"date":"2013-08-28T10:32:36","date_gmt":"2013-08-28T08:32:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.erm.ee\/?p=2567"},"modified":"2013-11-07T09:06:56","modified_gmt":"2013-11-07T07:06:56","slug":"huvitavat-ermi-soome-ugri-kogust-udmurdi-peatsilauad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.erm.ee\/?p=2567","title":{"rendered":"Huvitavat ERMi soome-ugri kogust: udmurdi peatsilauad"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Svetlana Karm, teadur<\/i><\/p>\n

Kui pealkiri ei reedaks, v\u00f5iks allolevat kirjutist vabalt alustada lausega \u201eM\u00f5ista-m\u00f5ista, mis see on\u201c, sest esmapilgul \u00fcsna raske m\u00e4\u00e4rata, mis esemega on tegemist ja mis v\u00f5iks olla selle otstarve. Segadust v\u00f5ib tekitada ka asjaolu, et ese on viimistletud ainult \u00fchelt poolt.<\/p>\n

\"B_128_16_ak0009\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\"B_128_16_ak0010\"<\/a>\"B_128_16_ak0011\"<\/a>B 128:16, tehtud 1930. aastail. Saadud Malaja Purga rajooni Aksak\u0161ur`i k\u00fclast.
\n<\/em><\/p>\n

\"B_128_78_ak0013_\"<\/a>B 128:78, valmistamisaeg m\u00e4rkimata. Saadud Zavjalovo rajooni \u0160aberdino k\u00fclast.<\/em><\/p>\n

\"B_128_79_ak0006\"<\/a> \"B_128_79_ak0007\"<\/a> \"B_128_79_ak0005\"<\/a>B 128:79, esemel on kirjas aastaarv 1932. Saadud Zavjalovo rajooni \u0160aberdino k\u00fclast.<\/em><\/p>\n

\"B_102_140_ak0003\"<\/a> \"B_102_140_ak0004\"<\/a> \"B_102_140_ak0002\"<\/a>B 102:140, esemel on kiri \u201e1924 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043b \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u00bb (1924 tegi Serebakov Kondrati). Saadud Zavjalovo rajooni \u0160aberdino k\u00fclast. Fotod: Arp Karm
\n<\/em><\/p>\n

T\u00e4helepanelik lugeja oskab kohe \u00f6elda, et see konstruktsioon meenutab voodiotsa ja v\u00f5iks olla patjade alustugi (mis on v\u00e4gagi \u00f5ige). Ka muuseumi kataloogides on need esemed kirjas kas voodiotsa (B 102:83, 140) v\u00f5i voodi otsalauana (B 128:16, 78, 79), esemed on toodud 1977. ja 1981.a Udmurdimaalt k\u00f5rvuti asuvatest Zavjalovo ja Malaja Purga rajoonidest, vanasti olid need sealkandis ka \u00fcldisemalt levinud.<\/p>\n

\"318422_ERM_Fk_2225_122\"<\/a>Fk 2225: 122. Aida sisevaade. Lava magamisaidas (\u0431\u0430\u0434\u04df\u044b\u043c \u04df\u0443\u0441). Tehtud 20.saj. alguses. Glazovi raj. Otogurt\u2019i k\u00fcla. Foto Aldo Luud, 1987.
\n<\/em><\/p>\n

Eeldades, et terminoloogia on heaks allikaks kultuuri uurimisel ning p\u00e4ritolukeelses nimetuses v\u00f5ib peituda vihje museaali otstarbele, tuleks l\u00fchidalt peatuda ka eseme kohalikul nimetusel. Eset nimetatakse udmurdi keeles \u0439\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0437\u044c\u043f\u0443\u043b<\/i>, s\u00f5na ise koosneb kolmest osast \u0439\u044b\u0440 \u2013 <\/i>pea, \u0430\u0437\u044c \u2013 <\/i>ees, \u043f\u0443\u043b \u2013 <\/i>laud ehk peapoolne laud <\/i>ning vene keeles \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a (<\/i>s\u00f5nas\u00f5nalt: see, mis on pea all). Nagu n\u00e4ha, pole siin mingit vihjet voodile.<\/p>\n

Tegelikult p\u00e4rinebki ese nn voodieelsest ajastust. Meile k\u00f5igile tuttava konstruktsiooniga (jalgade ning laiade otsa- ja k\u00fcljelaudadega) voodi hakkas Venemaa talurahva seas levima alles 20. sajandi alguses, 19. sajandi teisel poolel v\u00f5is neid kohata ainult rikkamates taludes. \u00dcldiselt magati laiadel naridel v\u00f5i lavatsitel, \u00fcldlevinud oli magamine ahju peal ning isiklikust magamisasemest oli asi veel kaugel \u2013 magati k\u00f5rvuti mitu inimest koos, pereliikmete vahele pakuti vajadusel kohta ka v\u00f5\u00f5rale.[1]<\/a><\/p>\n

Udmurdi tareski oli tavaliselt kaks magamiskohta \u2013 \u00fcks kohe ukse juures seina \u00e4\u00e4res, kus magasid noored, ning teine toa ahjusuupoolses nurgas, kus magasid peremees ja perenaine. Magamisasemeks oli samuti ukse kohal lae all asuv ja \u00a0kuni tare kolmandikuni ulatuv lai lavats \u0441\u044d\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0430<\/i> (vene k \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0438<\/i>). Eelmise sajandi keskpaiku oli voodi ka Udmurtias juba tavaliseks n\u00e4htuseks, veel enam, omatehtud puidust voodi hakkas juba alates 1930. aastatest j\u00e4rjest asenduma vabrikus toodetuga \u2013\u00a0 viimase \u00a0omamine oli rikkuse ja prestii\u017ei m\u00e4rgiks.<\/p>\n

Kuigi v\u00e4ga harva, v\u00f5is siiski veel ka 1970. aastatel kohata \u00fcksikutes elamutes vana t\u00fc\u00fcpi magamisaset. Aleksei Peterson \u00fches v\u00e4lit\u00f6\u00f6p\u00e4evikus kirjeldab: …majal on\u00a0 v\u00e4hemalt \u00fcks vana tunnus: eluruumis on s\u00e4ilinud\u00a0 laiad\u00a0 lavapingid. Huvitavalt on \u00fcks nendest ahju suu vastas otsaseinas,\u00a0 ca 3\u20134\u00a0 laiad ja ca 2 meetri pikkune, statsionaarne. Teine samasugune iste- v\u00f5i magamislavats on uksest sisenedes paremat k\u00e4tt, piki \u00a0k\u00fclgseina. Viimase k\u00fclgseina\u00a0 laiendus saadakse,\u00a0 nii et selle k\u00f5rvale pannakse neljajalgsele pingile\u00a0 lauad. Ja nii saadaksegi magamisase. Magamisase on ka ahju peal. Tegelikult algul\u00a0 ma ei\u00a0\u00a0 teadnud, et tegu on\u00a0 vana majaga, see selgus hiljem.\u201c<\/i> (TAp 700, 1977)<\/p>\n

Allolev pilt on tehtud Ludorvai Udmurdi vaba\u00f5humuuseumis 2010. a. Kuna muuseum pakub oma k\u00fclalistele ka traditsioonilist toitu, kasutatakse siin ahjusuu vastas olevat lavatsit s\u00f6\u00f6gitegemiskohana.<\/p>\n

\"311859_ERM_Fk_2946_54\"<\/a>Fk 2946:54. Foto Madis Kats, 2010
\n<\/em><\/p>\n

Ajaks, kui eesti etnoloogid j\u00f5udsid Udmurtiasse (eriti t\u00f5hus udmurdi kultuuri uurimine ja kogumine toimus 1977.\u20131990. a alguses, mil oli korraldatud rohkem kui 20 ekspeditsiooni), olid seina k\u00fclge ehitatud lavatsid, mille aluspuud toetusid \u00fche otsaga postidele ja teisega seinapalkide vahele, \u00a0laialt kasutusel veel magamisaitades (see hoonegi esineb\u00a0 t\u00e4nap\u00e4eva taluarhitektuuris juba \u00fcpriski harva). On ka\u00a0 siin k\u00fclas kahekordne ait. \u00dclemist osa kasutatakse veel praegu magamiseks. Aidas on tagaseinas nari taoline kast, mille sees on riided, lauad peal. Nende peale k\u00e4ivad magamiskotid. Ja p\u00e4evaks pandavad riided-kotid kokku nurka, surutakse spetsiaalse pealauaga. See on siin kandis eriti ilusasti tehtud, kas siis reljeefses l\u00f5iketehnikas v\u00f5i ka v\u00e4rvitud. Selle peaaluse laua ilustamiseks on mitte v\u00e4hem vaeva n\u00e4htud kui n\u00e4iteks aknaluukide tegemiseks. Meie saame ka kaks sellist lauda kaasa.\u00a0 Eks n\u00e4e, kuidas \u00e4ra viidud saavad. K\u00f5nesolevaid pealaudu samaks otstarbeks kasutatud pole\u2026<\/i> (Aleksei Peterson, samas) Ajalugu n\u00e4itab, et peaalused said ilusasti \u00e4ra viidud ja muuseumikogusse vormistatud!<\/p>\n

\"B_102_83_ak0012_\"<\/a>Peatsilaud B 102:83 Foto: Arp Karm
\n<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0See pole voodi otsalaud meie m\u00f5istes. Ka veel praegu kasutatakse aitu (riide- ja magamisait) magamiseks. Seal on lava (kasti)taoline magamiskoht ja p\u00e4evaks rullitakse ase (kott, linad, tekk) kokku ning selline laud hoiab rulli koos pigistatuna vastu seina. See on v\u00e4ga \u00fcldine n\u00e4he; \u00fcldised on ka otsalauad, v\u00e4ga ilusasti kaunistatud. <\/i>(B 102: 83)<\/p>\n

T\u00e4helepanelik lugeja kindlasti m\u00e4rkas, et \u00fchte sama eset on nimetatud\/t\u00f5lgitud erinevat moodi: voodiots, voodi otsalaud, peatsilaud, pealaud, peaalune laud, A. Petersoni raamatus \u201eUdmurdi vana rahvakunst\u201c (1987, lk 43) leidub veel nimetus patjade korjulaud. \u00a0Ehk ei olegi kerge t\u00e4pselt s\u00f5nastada seda, mida oma kultuuris ei eksisteeri.<\/p>\n

Kuidas ka eset ei nimeta, on tegemist v\u00e4ga praktilise asjaga. Peatsilaua ornamendi kohtagi saab \u00f6elda, et see on h\u00e4sti l\u00e4bi m\u00f5eldud: eseme l\u00f5ikekirja motiivid on v\u00e4ga sarnased samas paigas levinud vaipade ja muu kodutekstiili mustritega, seega harmoneerus peats v\u00e4ga h\u00e4sti voodi kohal seinal rippuva vaibaga ning \u00a0kokku rullitud magamisaseme kattega. Lavatsi k\u00f5rval v\u00f5i peal seisis tavaliselt ka samasuguste mustritega maalitud riidekirst\u2026 Pisiasjadeski peitub ilu!<\/p>\n

\"2_036\"<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

Interj\u00f6\u00f6r voodiga. P\u00e4evaks on voodipesu, padjad ja madrats asetatud l\u00f5iketehnikas kaunistatud peatsilaua alla. Foto: Priit H\u00e4rmas, 1977(?)<\/em><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n
\n
\n

[1]<\/a> Voodi\/magamisaseme ajaloost pikemalt: \u0422\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f\u043d\u0430 \u041c\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0432\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0430. \u041b\u043e\u0436\u0435. \u2013 \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u044d\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0438\u044f. \u041c\u0438\u0440 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0439.<\/i> \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430: \u00ab\u0410\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430+\u00bb, 2003, 219-237; \u041c\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0415. \u041b. \u041a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c. \u2013 \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0430. \u0418\u043b\u043b\u044e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u044d\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0438\u044f<\/i>. \u0421\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0442-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433: \u00ab\u0418\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e-\u0421\u041f\u0411\u00bb, 1999, 84\u201385.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Svetlana Karm, teadur Kui pealkiri ei reedaks, v\u00f5iks allolevat kirjutist vabalt alustada lausega \u201eM\u00f5ista-m\u00f5ista, mis see on\u201c, sest esmapilgul \u00fcsna raske m\u00e4\u00e4rata, mis esemega on tegemist ja mis v\u00f5iks olla selle otstarve. Segadust v\u00f5ib tekitada ka asjaolu, et ese on viimistletud ainult \u00fchelt poolt. B 128:16, tehtud 1930. aastail. Saadud Malaja Purga rajooni Aksak\u0161ur`i k\u00fclast.…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2586,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[28],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2567","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-soome-ugri"],"yoast_head":"\nHuvitavat ERMi soome-ugri kogust: udmurdi peatsilauad - Eesti Rahva Muuseumi ajaveeb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.erm.ee\/?p=2567\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"et_EE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Huvitavat ERMi soome-ugri kogust: udmurdi peatsilauad - Eesti Rahva Muuseumi ajaveeb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Svetlana Karm, teadur Kui pealkiri ei reedaks, v\u00f5iks allolevat kirjutist vabalt alustada lausega \u201eM\u00f5ista-m\u00f5ista, mis see on\u201c, sest esmapilgul \u00fcsna raske m\u00e4\u00e4rata, mis esemega on tegemist ja mis v\u00f5iks olla selle otstarve. 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Saadud Malaja Purga rajooni Aksak\u0161ur`i k\u00fclast.…","og_url":"https:\/\/blog.erm.ee\/?p=2567","og_site_name":"Eesti Rahva Muuseumi ajaveeb","article_published_time":"2013-08-28T08:32:36+00:00","article_modified_time":"2013-11-07T07:06:56+00:00","og_image":[{"width":531,"height":800,"url":"https:\/\/blog.erm.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/2_036.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Eesti Rahva Muuseum","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Eesti Rahva Muuseum","Est. reading time":"4 minutit"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/blog.erm.ee\/?p=2567#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/blog.erm.ee\/?p=2567"},"author":{"name":"Eesti Rahva Muuseum","@id":"https:\/\/blog.erm.ee\/#\/schema\/person\/6e98c391cb00a33e7c22a3571e062114"},"headline":"Huvitavat ERMi soome-ugri kogust: udmurdi peatsilauad","datePublished":"2013-08-28T08:32:36+00:00","dateModified":"2013-11-07T07:06:56+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/blog.erm.ee\/?p=2567"},"wordCount":928,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/blog.erm.ee\/?p=2567#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/blog.erm.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/2_036.jpg","articleSection":["Soome-ugri"],"inLanguage":"et","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/blog.erm.ee\/?p=2567#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/blog.erm.ee\/?p=2567","url":"https:\/\/blog.erm.ee\/?p=2567","name":"Huvitavat ERMi soome-ugri kogust: udmurdi peatsilauad - 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