{"id":15785,"date":"2022-07-28T10:00:18","date_gmt":"2022-07-28T07:00:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.erm.ee\/?p=15785"},"modified":"2022-06-21T17:53:18","modified_gmt":"2022-06-21T14:53:18","slug":"pilguheit-silma-kujutamisele-eesti-parimuses","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.erm.ee\/?p=15785","title":{"rendered":"Pilguheit silma kujutamisele eesti p\u00e4rimuses"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Helina Harend ja Susanna Mett, Eesti Kirjandusmuuseumi Eesti Rahvaluule Arhiiv.<\/p>\n

Silmad on maailma p\u00e4rimuses olulisel kohal. Silmast r\u00e4\u00e4kisid juba antiikfilosoofid, kes arutasid, kas see saadab endast kiiri v\u00e4lja, nagu arvasid n\u00e4iteks Demokritos ja Platon, v\u00f5i on see l\u00e4bipaistev veetaoline vahendaja, nagu uskus Aristoteles.<\/p>\n

Silmast r\u00e4\u00e4gitakse ka Eesti p\u00e4rimuses mitmes kontekstis, alates silmaallikatest ja silma omadustest ning l\u00f5petades k\u00f5nekujunditega regilauludes. Blogiloos tuginemegi Eesti Rahvaluule Arhiivi materjalidele kohap\u00e4rimusest, rahvausundist ja -meditsiinist ning regilauludest.<\/p>\n

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V\u00e4ljav\u00f5te ERA arhiivist. Foto: Helina Harend<\/p><\/div>\n

Silmaallikad ja silmade pesemine<\/strong><\/p>\n

Silmaallikad on veekogud, mille veel on silmi raviv toime. Uskumuse j\u00e4rgi ei kuiva silmaallikad kunagi \u00e4ra. Haigeid silmi tuleb pesta allikaveega \u2013 nii saavad need ruttu terveks. Ometi ei ole kirjeldatud, kuidas silmi pesta, vaid mainitakse ainult, et pestes tuleb kindlaid s\u00f5nu lausuda. Neid s\u00f5nu aga v\u00e4lja ei r\u00e4\u00e4gita.<\/p>\n

Kirjeldatud on aga vee toomist silmaallikast ja allikatele ohverdamist. Vett tuuakse pudeli v\u00f5i kruusiga. Seda, et silmi pestaks allika kohal, ei ole mainitud \u2013 ikka v\u00f5etakse sealt vett kaasa ja pestakse mujal. Allikas voolab selge vesi, mis on olnud \u00fcheks selle kasulikkuse t\u00f5lgenduseks, \u00a0eks selge vesi teeb ikka puhtamaks kui sogane. Selleks et vetehaldjas allikalt tervendavat v\u00e4ge \u00e4ra ei v\u00f5taks, on m\u00f5nel pool sellele ohverdatud, n\u00e4iteks on viidud haldjale raha.<\/p>\n

Lisaks silmaallika vee kasutusjuhistele-kirjeldustele on arhiivis materjali \u00fcldiste silmapesuga seonduvate reeglite ja tavade kohta. N\u00e4iteks tuleb silmi pesta kindlasti hommikul ja silmapesuvett peab kolm korda n\u00e4o peale v\u00f5tma.<\/p>\n

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V\u00e4ljav\u00f5te ERA arhiivist. Foto: Helina Harend<\/p><\/div>\n

Silman\u00e4gemine<\/strong><\/p>\n

Miks silmad haigeks j\u00e4\u00e4vad v\u00f5i miks v\u00f5ib silman\u00e4gemine kaduda? Mida r\u00e4\u00e4gib p\u00e4rimus? M\u00f5ne p\u00f5hjused on f\u00fc\u00fcsilised, n\u00e4iteks ei tohi otse p\u00e4iksesse vaadata ega pimedas teravat n\u00e4gemist vajavaid t\u00f6id teha. Ent on ka \u00fclekantud t\u00e4hendusega selgitusi: silmi kahjustab lukuaugust piilumine, uudishimulik vaatamine ja n\u00e4puga n\u00e4itamine, pimedate pilkamine v\u00f5i lastel silmahaigetega koos olemine. Rohkest nutmisest v\u00f5ivat samuti pimedaks j\u00e4\u00e4da. J\u00e4\u00e4b mulje, et manitsused olid m\u00f5eldud eelk\u00f5ige lastele.<\/p>\n

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V\u00e4ljav\u00f5te ERA arhiivist. Foto: Helina Harend<\/p><\/div>\n

<\/u>Silma omadused<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u00e4rimuses on silma v\u00e4rvil ja kujul kindlad t\u00e4hendused, n\u00e4iteks v\u00f5ib silmav\u00e4rvi j\u00e4rgi inimese iseloomu lugeda. Pruunide, mustade v\u00f5i \u00fcldiselt tumedate silmadega inimest peetakse kurjaks ja tigedaks. Ka punaste v\u00f5i s\u00f5strakarva silmadega inimesed on tulise vihaga. Seevastu peetakse siniste v\u00f5i heledate silmade omanikku kenaks, arukaks ja lahkeks. Mis aga puudutab silmade kuju, siis n\u00e4iteks kitsas silmapaari vahe t\u00e4hendab, et inimene on tige, vilets, saamatu ja m\u00f5istuselt tagasihoidlik. Lai vahe seevastu n\u00e4itab, et inimene on hea s\u00fcdamega, tark ja avara m\u00f5istusega.<\/p>\n

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V\u00e4ljav\u00f5te ERA arhiivist. Foto: Helina Harend<\/p><\/div>\n

<\/u>Kuri silm<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kohap\u00e4rimuses ja rahvausundis kirjeldatakse kurja silmaga inimest sarnaselt tumeda silmav\u00e4rvusega inimesele \u2014 ta on loomult kuri, tige ja pikaldase vihaga. Ta saab teistele liiga teha, ise\u00e4ranis neile peale vaadates, kusjuures ohustatud on just loomad ja lapsed. Seet\u00f5ttu ei tohi kurja silmaga inimest n\u00e4iteks lauta loomade juurde lubada, sest neile peale vaadates kaetab ta loomad \u00e4ra. Siiski on ka neid, kel on kuri silm, kuid kes on loomult head. Nemad paluvad ise lapsed-loomad enese eest \u00e4ra peita. Selleks et ennast ja loomi kurja silma eest kaitsta, k\u00e4iakse abi otsimas n\u00e4iteks n\u00f5ia juures, kellelt on v\u00f5imalik vastavat nii-\u00f6elda rohtu saada.<\/p>\n

Kurja silmaga kokkupuutumist on kirjeldatud nii:<\/p>\n

Millegip\u00e4rast l\u00f6\u00f6nud Jaak kord K\u00e4rdu lehma piitsaga. Seda n\u00e4inud aga K\u00e4rt ja saatnud poisile \u00fche kurja pilgu. Sellestsamast pilgust saadik l\u00f6\u00f6nud Jaagule hirmus valu rindu. Poiss vaevlenud selle valu k\u00e4es mitu p\u00e4eva ennegu ta j\u00e4lle \u00e4ra kadunud ja tervis j\u00e4lle paranenud. <\/em>(RKM II 109, 112\/3 (14) < Halliste khk, 1961<\/a>)<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>Silm regilauludes<\/strong><\/p>\n

Regilaulutekstides on selgelt esil asjaolu, et silmad n\u00e4itavad inimese meeleseisundit, olemust v\u00f5i esindavad teda tervikuna. Eri laulut\u00fc\u00fcpidest v\u00f5ib leida nutmise kontekstis just silmavett, n\u00e4iteks \u201eSuu laulab s\u00fcda muretseb\/ Paled laskvad laine’eida\/ Kulmud kullatilke’eida\/ Silmad vetta veeretavad\u201c (H II 65, 245 (11) < Koeru khk, Aruk\u00fcla v, Salutaguse k, 1884<\/a>). M\u00f5nes \u00f5itsilaulus tuuakse t\u00fcdruk poisile vaatamiseks ning kirjeldatakse seda silma l\u00e4bi: \u201eToo mull’ neidu silm\u00e4 n\u00e4t\u00e4.\/ Toodi Liisu silm\u00e4 n\u00e4t\u00e4\u201c (H III 6, 727\/30 (1) < Paistu khk., Heimtali v. – (1890)<\/a>). M\u00f5ni teine laul r\u00e4\u00e4gib j\u00e4llegi sellest, kuidas silmavaate j\u00e4rgi kaaslast valida, kuna \u201esilmad soiud sugulised\u201c <\/em>(H II 25, 1006\/7 (19) < Paistu khk., Holstre v. (1889)<\/a>) n\u00e4itavat kaaslase sobimatust, samas kui elavad silmad kinnitavad laulikule inimese v\u00e4\u00e4rtust.<\/p>\n

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Helina Harend ja Susanna Mett, Eesti Kirjandusmuuseumi Eesti Rahvaluule Arhiiv. Silmad on maailma p\u00e4rimuses olulisel kohal. Silmast r\u00e4\u00e4kisid juba antiikfilosoofid, kes arutasid, kas see saadab endast kiiri v\u00e4lja, nagu arvasid n\u00e4iteks Demokritos ja Platon, v\u00f5i on see l\u00e4bipaistev veetaoline vahendaja, nagu uskus Aristoteles. Silmast r\u00e4\u00e4gitakse ka Eesti p\u00e4rimuses mitmes kontekstis, alates silmaallikatest ja silma omadustest…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":15789,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,30,19,10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15785","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-maaratlemata","category-osalus","category-sundmus","category-teadus"],"yoast_head":"\nPilguheit silma kujutamisele eesti p\u00e4rimuses - Eesti Rahva Muuseumi ajaveeb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.erm.ee\/?p=15785\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"et_EE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pilguheit silma kujutamisele eesti p\u00e4rimuses - Eesti Rahva Muuseumi ajaveeb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Helina Harend ja Susanna Mett, Eesti Kirjandusmuuseumi Eesti Rahvaluule Arhiiv. Silmad on maailma p\u00e4rimuses olulisel kohal. Silmast r\u00e4\u00e4kisid juba antiikfilosoofid, kes arutasid, kas see saadab endast kiiri v\u00e4lja, nagu arvasid n\u00e4iteks Demokritos ja Platon, v\u00f5i on see l\u00e4bipaistev veetaoline vahendaja, nagu uskus Aristoteles. 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Silmad on maailma p\u00e4rimuses olulisel kohal. Silmast r\u00e4\u00e4kisid juba antiikfilosoofid, kes arutasid, kas see saadab endast kiiri v\u00e4lja, nagu arvasid n\u00e4iteks Demokritos ja Platon, v\u00f5i on see l\u00e4bipaistev veetaoline vahendaja, nagu uskus Aristoteles. 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