{"id":15688,"date":"2022-05-12T10:00:15","date_gmt":"2022-05-12T07:00:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.erm.ee\/?p=15688"},"modified":"2022-05-11T15:34:23","modified_gmt":"2022-05-11T12:34:23","slug":"parandamine-ja-taaskasutus-loomingulisus-tarbimiskultuuris","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.erm.ee\/?p=15688","title":{"rendered":"Parandamine ja taaskasutus \u2013 loomingulisus tarbimiskultuuris"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Tenno Teidearu, ERMi teadur.<\/p>\n

Tarbimisest m\u00f5eldes v\u00f5i r\u00e4\u00e4kides peetakse sageli silmas uute asjade ostmist v\u00f5i muul moel omandamist ja kasutamist. Tarbimiskultuur on aga m\u00e4rksa laiem m\u00f5iste, mis h\u00f5lmab ka tarbimisega seotud v\u00e4\u00e4rtushoiakuid, valikuid, praktikat ning neist tulenevaid sotsiaalseid ja kultuurilisi v\u00e4ljendusvorme (Lury 2011). Tegelikult v\u00f5iksime m\u00f5elda asjade tarbimisest ja kasutamisest samuti laiemalt. Lisaks k\u00f5igele muule kaasneb tarbimisega paratamatult asjade f\u00fc\u00fcsiline kulumine ja katkiminek. Asjade lagunemine aga ei pruugi siiski olla nende materiaalse ja sotsiaalse elu l\u00f5pp.<\/p>\n

Kulumine, lagunemine, katkiminek on osa materiaalsest kultuurist. M\u00f5ned antropoloogid on asjade kaduvust teoreetiliselt k\u00e4sitlenud materiaalse eba\u00f5nnestumisena (ingl material failure<\/em>), mis t\u00e4hendab, et asjad ei pruugi alati kaasa t\u00f6\u00f6tada\u00a0 inimese kavatsustele, eesm\u00e4rkidele ja soovidele (Carrol, Jeevandrampillai, Parkhhust 2017). N\u00e4iteks tarbeeseme v\u00f5i tehnikaseadme katkiminek on tihti ettearvamatu ja juhtub m\u00f5nikord just siis, kui seda on h\u00e4dasti tarvis. Lagunemine ja katkiminek loob omakorda vajaduse ja v\u00f5imaluse loominguliseks l\u00e4henemiseks asjadele. Seega v\u00f5iks kaduvust m\u00f5ista tarbimise osana, mis paneb kaupa vaatama uue, loomingulisema pilguga.<\/p>\n

Tarbimisel ei pea olema konkreetset algust ja l\u00f5ppu. N\u00e4iteks Alari (s 1950) jaoks, kellele meeldib kodus asju ise parandada ning materjale taaskasutada, ei l\u00f5pe hoolimata kaduvusest asjade elu niisama lihtsalt \u00fchel hetkel \u00e4ra.<\/p>\n

Asja h\u00e4vinemine, k\u00f5dunemine v\u00f5i ajas kulumine, purunemine ei t\u00e4henda vist veel seda, et see asi oleks vana, asi on lihtsalt tehtud kaua aega tagasi. N\u00e4en seda asja nii, et bioloogilised olendid vananevad, asjad mitte, need kanduvad ajas edasi.<\/em> (Alari)<\/p>\n

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Alari umbes 40 aastat vanad s\u00f5rmikud, mis kestavad ajas. Foto: Alari<\/p><\/div>\n

Parandamine on reaktsioon asjade kaduvusele, milles v\u00e4ljendub inimeste leidlikkus. Koduses asjade parandamises ja taaskasutuses saab m\u00f5nikord \u00fchest asjast teine, vanast asjast v\u00f5i materjalist uus asi. Kui eseme algset vormi pole v\u00f5imalik v\u00f5i otstarbekas taastada, siis uue elu andmine n\u00f5uab loomingulist ja improvisatsioonilist l\u00e4henemist. N\u00e4iteks Ilze (s 1982) tegi koos abikaasaga L\u00e4tist s\u00f5prade maja juurest leitud vanast katkisest raadiost baarikapi.<\/p>\n

\u00dcksp\u00e4ev vaatasime aknast v\u00e4lja, et oo, selline ilus Sakta raadio lihtsalt vedeleb pr\u00fcgihunnikus. Meil m\u00f5lemal oli kohe selline tunne, et peab p\u00e4\u00e4stma \u2013 isegi kui see ei t\u00f6\u00f6ta raadiona, kindlasti saab seda kuidagimoodi kasutada. [\u2026] Me proovisime ta t\u00f6\u00f6le panna. Algne m\u00f5te oli selline, et kui see vin\u00fc\u00fclim\u00e4ngija osa oleks selline, mis t\u00f6\u00f6tab, siis me vist oleksime seda kasutanud originaaleesm\u00e4rgiga. Aga tuli v\u00e4lja, et ta on katki l\u00e4inud. Siis me koristasime sisu \u00e4ra ja tekkis baar. [\u2026] See oli v\u00e4ga lihtne variant, kuidas peita alkoholi laste eest \u00e4ra, kuna nad olid v\u00e4ikesed, aga p\u00e4he ei tulnud raadio sisse vaadata. Tundus, et see on tore variant. See m\u00f5te oli ka selline, ma isegi ei m\u00e4leta, et oleks mingid pikad arutelud olnud. M\u00f5te tuli vist sellest, et kui sa teed selle \u00fclemise osa lahti, ta j\u00e4\u00e4b. See on ju t\u00e4pselt nagu baaridel. Vanasti olid need sektsioonid \u2013 sa tegid lahti selle keskmise osa ja seal oli alati mingi alkohol. See s\u00fcsteem kuidagi meenutas seda. See on ju loogiline.<\/em> (Ilze)<\/p>\n

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Sakta raadiost tehtud baarikapp. Foto: Tenno Teidearu<\/p><\/div>\n

Asjade taaskasutamine ja parandamine on m\u00f5nikord kui brikolaa\u017e, mille k\u00e4igus vana v\u00f5i katki l\u00e4inud ese v\u00f5ib saada k\u00e4ep\u00e4raste materjalide ja vahendite abil uue kuju, funktsiooni v\u00f5i t\u00e4henduse. Samuti v\u00f5ib parandamisel olla oma esteetika, millega saab asja muuta isikup\u00e4raseks v\u00f5i v\u00e4ljendada oma v\u00e4\u00e4rtushoiakuid. N\u00f5ukogude ajal oli selline l\u00e4henemine toonaste majanduslike ja poliitiliste tingimuste t\u00f5ttu tavap\u00e4rane. Asjade ja materjalide taaskasutamine ja parandamine avab loomingulisuse ning pole tegelikult t\u00e4nap\u00e4eva masstarbimise k\u00f5rval p\u00e4riselt kadunud kunst. Tarbimiskultuur on mitmekesisem ja kirjum, kui esmapilgul v\u00f5iks arvata.<\/p>\n

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Jaana (s 1988) ehisparanduse p\u00f5him\u00f5ttel parandatud vest. Foto: Tenno Teidearu<\/p><\/div>\n

Eesti Rahva Muuseum kogub lugusid, fotosid ja esemeid, mis r\u00e4\u00e4givad ja n\u00e4itavad, mida inimesed teevad vanade, n-\u00f6 kasutute ja katkiste asjadega ning pr\u00fcgiga. Taaskasutus, parandamine, keskkonnahoid ja j\u00e4tkusuutlik areng on aina olulisemad teemad, millega me k\u00f5ik otseselt v\u00f5i kaudselt kokku puutume. Kas viskame vana ja katkise asja \u00e4ra v\u00f5i anname sellele uue elu? Millal saab asjast pr\u00fcgi ja mis me pr\u00fcgiga teeme?<\/strong><\/p>\n

K\u00fcsimuslehe \u201eAsjad, taaskasutus ja pr\u00fcgi\u201c info on lehel <\/strong>https:\/\/www.erm.ee\/et\/asjad-taaskasutus-prugi<\/strong><\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Jagage meiega oma kogemusi ja lugege teiste inimeste lugusid portaalis\u00a0 <\/strong>https:\/\/rahvalood.ee\/lood\/asjad-taaskasutus-ja-prugi\/<\/strong><\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kirjandus:<\/p>\n

Timothy Carrol, David Jeevandrampillai, Aaron Parkhhust, Introduction: Towards a General Theory of Failure. Kogumikus: The Material Culture of Failure: When Things Do Wrong. Toim Timothy Carroll, David Jeevandrampillai, Aaron Parkhurst ja Julie Shackelford. Bloomsbury, London 2017, lk 1\u201320.<\/p>\n

Celia Lury, Consumer Culture. 2nd edition. Polity Press, Cambridge, Malden 2011.<\/p>\n

\n

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Tenno Teidearu, ERMi teadur. Tarbimisest m\u00f5eldes v\u00f5i r\u00e4\u00e4kides peetakse sageli silmas uute asjade ostmist v\u00f5i muul moel omandamist ja kasutamist. Tarbimiskultuur on aga m\u00e4rksa laiem m\u00f5iste, mis h\u00f5lmab ka tarbimisega seotud v\u00e4\u00e4rtushoiakuid, valikuid, praktikat ning neist tulenevaid sotsiaalseid ja kultuurilisi v\u00e4ljendusvorme (Lury 2011). Tegelikult v\u00f5iksime m\u00f5elda asjade tarbimisest ja kasutamisest samuti laiemalt. 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Tarbimisest m\u00f5eldes v\u00f5i r\u00e4\u00e4kides peetakse sageli silmas uute asjade ostmist v\u00f5i muul moel omandamist ja kasutamist. Tarbimiskultuur on aga m\u00e4rksa laiem m\u00f5iste, mis h\u00f5lmab ka tarbimisega seotud v\u00e4\u00e4rtushoiakuid, valikuid, praktikat ning neist tulenevaid sotsiaalseid ja kultuurilisi v\u00e4ljendusvorme (Lury 2011). Tegelikult v\u00f5iksime m\u00f5elda asjade tarbimisest ja kasutamisest samuti laiemalt. 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