{"id":15429,"date":"2022-02-03T10:00:37","date_gmt":"2022-02-03T08:00:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.erm.ee\/?p=15429"},"modified":"2022-02-03T09:25:11","modified_gmt":"2022-02-03T07:25:11","slug":"pooleks-loigatud-margid","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.erm.ee\/?p=15429","title":{"rendered":"Pooleks l\u00f5igatud margid"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Eve Aab, ERMi produtsent; Ants Linnard, Rahvusvahelise Eesti Filatelistide Seltsi liige.<\/p>\n

Lugu viib meid tsaariaega, mil tuli ette sedagi, et kirju saadeti pooleks l\u00f5igatud margiga.\u00a0Venemaal v\u00f5eti margid kasutusele 1. jaanuaril 1858 ja nende nominaal oli 10 kopikat.<\/p>\n

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Venemaa esimene mark, 1.01.1858. Erakogu<\/p><\/div>\n

M\u00fc\u00fcgile tulid nii hammastatud kui ka hammastusmasina rikke t\u00f5ttu l\u00f5igatud margid. Need margid on kustutatud punkt-numbertempliga.\u00a0Hammastatud markide tiraa\u017e oli 5 411 164, l\u00f5igatud markidel 1 564 000.<\/p>\n

Varasemalt kasutusel olnud postitemplitega segadusi ei olnud, kuid margi ilmumine t\u00f5i kaasa omajagu poleemikat. Ajaleheveergudel kiideti margi head teostust v\u00f5rreldes teiste riikide markidega. Samas tehti ka ise\u00e4ralik \u00a0m\u00f5tteavaldus: \u201eV\u00e4gagi soovitatav oleks omada taolisi marke linnaposti jaoks. Tundub, et seda saab lahendada ilma suurema mure ja uute takistusteta. Selleks v\u00f5iks kasutada pooleks l\u00f5igatud 10-kopikalisi marke, l\u00f5igata kas vertikaalselt, horisontaalselt v\u00f5i diagonaalis,\u201c kirjutab anon\u00fc\u00fcmne autor ajalehes \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0447\u0435\u043b\u0430 nr 9. Loe l\u00e4hemalt siit<\/a><\/p>\n

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\u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0447\u0435\u043b\u0430 nr 9, 13.01.1858, lk 42<\/p><\/div>\n

M\u00f5te meeldis nii rahvale kui ka m\u00f5nelegi postiametnikule. Pooleks l\u00f5igatud margid hakkasid oma elu elama hoolimata sellest, et postiametkond neid maksevahendina ei tunnistanud. Sel teemal on ilmunud B. Kaminski sulest artikkel \u201e<\/em>\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u043c\u201c<\/em> e \u201ePooleks l\u00f5igatud Vene margid\u201c ajakirjas Ko\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0440 nr 30 (1995, Moskva).<\/p>\n

Kui vajaliku tariifiga marki ei olnud, otsustas kirja saatja eksperimenteerida. Postitariifid olid tol ajal j\u00e4rgmised: kohalik kiri (1865\u20131870) 5 kopikat, 1872. aastast 3 kopikat, kohaliku postkaardi saatmine 3 kopikat ja kohalik tr\u00fckit\u00f6\u00f6kiri 1 kopikat.<\/p>\n

Nii leitigi Peterburi t\u00e4navatel asunud kirjakastidest vahel ka 10-kopikalise pooleks l\u00f5igatud margiga kirju, mis j\u00e4id k\u00fcll tavaliselt edasi saatmata. Postipeavalitsus saatis postkontoritele ringkirja nr 39 (25.07.1858), kus postiametnikele tehti kohustuseks vaadata t\u00e4helepanelikult \u00fcmbriku marke, et need poleks pooleks l\u00f5igatud ega ka juba kasutusel olnud. Samas anti teada, et postiasutusi tuleb \u00f5igeaegselt markidega varustada. Kui m\u00f5ni kiri ametniku hooletuse t\u00f5ttu edasi saadeti, sai ta karistada, kuid ettekirjutusest hoolimata leidus postit\u00f6\u00f6tajaid, kes kleepisid ka ise \u00fcmbrikule pooleks l\u00f5igatud margi, kui vajalikus v\u00e4\u00e4ringus marke parasjagu k\u00e4ep\u00e4rast polnud.<\/p>\n

Tavakodanikeni aga muidugi ametkondliku ringkirja sisu ei j\u00f5udnud. Nii et kas juhuslikult v\u00f5i filatelistlikul eesm\u00e4rgil kleebiti ikka vahel kirjale pooleks l\u00f5igatud mark.<\/p>\n

Kaminski toob oma artiklis n\u00e4iteid Berdit\u0161evist, Pultuskist, \u017darekist. Talle teadaolevalt on kaks pooleks l\u00f5igatud 20-kopikalise margiga \u00fcmbrikku Peterburis Popovi-nimelises sidemuuseumis. Pooliku margiga l\u00f5igendeid on olnud nii tuntud vene kui ka inglise kollektsion\u00e4\u00e4ride k\u00e4es ja neid on j\u00f5udnud oksjonilegi.<\/p>\n

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\u00dcmbriku esik\u00fclg, diagonaalselt pooleks l\u00f5igatud mark nr 2 (10-kopikalise margi asemel), kustutatud Berdit\u0161evi templiga. Tegemist on haruldusega. (\u041d. \u0424. \u041c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u201e\u0421\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438\u201c, 2019, Moskva, lk 31.)<\/p><\/div>\n

J\u00e4rgmise sammuna v\u00f5eti postkontorites kasutusele tempel \u201e\u0423\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0442o\u0436\u0430\u044e<\/em>\u201c (\u201eH\u00e4vitan\u201c). Pooleks l\u00f5igatud margiga kirjale l\u00f6\u00f6di niisuguse kirjaga tempel ja postiametnik allkirjastas selle.<\/p>\n

Posti ja Telegraafi Peavalitsus reorganiseeriti 1884. aasta suvel. Sama aasta oktoobris ilmus postit\u00f6\u00f6 korrastamiseks (postiametnike tarbeks) m\u00e4\u00e4ruste ja korralduste kogumik, mis sisaldas esmakordselt markide n\u00e4idised, mis saatmisel ei kehtinud (sh kasutatud ja pooleks l\u00f5igatud margid). Muutus veel see, et kui postist leiti niisuguse margiga kiri, l\u00f6\u00f6di pooliku margi k\u00f5rvale tempel \u201eO\u201c (null) ja \u201e\u0414\u041e\u041f\u041b\u0410\u0422\u0418\u0422\u042c<\/em>\u201c (\u201eJuurdemaks\u201c) ning postiametnik pidi selle\u00a0 allkirjaga kinnitama.<\/p>\n

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\u201eO\u201c\u00a0 ja \u201e\u0414\u041e\u041f\u041b\u0410\u0422\u0418\u0422\u042c\u201c. Ko\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0440 nr 30 (1995, Moskva, lk 36)<\/p><\/div>\n

Viis aastat hiljem j\u00f5uti ka elanikkonna teavitamiseni. Valitsuse Teatajas 2.12.1889 avaldati siseasjade ministri korraldus: \u201eKui korrespondentsi hulgas avastatakse juba kasutatud ja mittekehtivaid marke, siis niisuguseid arvesse ei v\u00f5eta ja lisatakse margi k\u00f5rvale \u201eO\u201c tempel.\u201c Korraldus avaldati ka 1909. ja 1917. aasta postim\u00e4\u00e4ruses, kuid vaatamata sellele sattus kuni 1917. aasta l\u00f5puni kollektsion\u00e4\u00e4ride k\u00e4tte l\u00f5igatud margiga \u00fcmbriku l\u00f5igendeid ilma templita \u201e0\u201c ja \u201eJuurdemaks\u201c. Juurdemaksu tasus kirja saaja. Need kirjad, mis l\u00e4bisid posti enne juurdemaksu sisseviimist kogu maal, maksis kinni postiametnik trahvina postieeskirjade rikkumise eest.<\/p>\n

Pooleks l\u00f5igatud margiga kirju v\u00f5i l\u00f5igendeid on s\u00e4ilinud v\u00e4ga v\u00e4he.<\/p>\n

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Kohalik tr\u00fckit\u00f6\u00f6, 28.03.1890, Dorpat. Kohaliku tr\u00fckit\u00f6\u00f6 tariif (1889\u20131917) oli 1 kopikas, vastava nominaaliga margi puudumisel on l\u00f5igendil 2 kopikat. Mark on pooleks l\u00f5igatud. Erakogu<\/p><\/div>\n

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Micheli kataloog 2000\/2001, lk 1000: 40 H Halbierung (in Dorpt verwendet)<\/p><\/div>\n

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1-kopikalise margi puudumisel Dorpati 2. postkontoris (Liivimaa kubermang) on kasutatud linnasisese kirja saatmisel pooleks l\u00f5igatud 2-kopikalist marki (\u041d. \u0424. \u041c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u201e\u0421\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438\u201c, 2019, Moskva, lk 88)<\/p><\/div>\n

Kaminski toob v\u00e4lja, et v\u00e4lismaa kirjanduses on avaldatud teateid poolikute markide kasutamisest Revelis. Kirjadele pandi pooleks l\u00f5igatud 7-kopikalisi marke (aprillis 1909). Sel perioodil ei olnud Reveli postkontorites piisavalt 3-kopikalisi marke kohalike kirjade saatmiseks. Postmeister v\u00f5ttis siis riski ja andis postkontoritele omal vastutusel korralduse, et marke v\u00f5ib pooleks l\u00f5igata. Kas postmeistri korraldus oli koosk\u00f5lastatud Riia postiringkonna \u00fclemaga, mille alla Reval tolal kuulus v\u00f5i Peterburi Posti ja Telegraafi peavalitsusega, see pole teada. V\u00f5ib ainult oletada, et niisugusele palvekirjale oleks Riiast v\u00f5i Peterburist eitav vastus saadud.<\/p>\n

Kirjandus:<\/p>\n

\u201e\u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0447\u0435\u043b\u0430<\/em>\u201c, nr 9, 1858<\/p>\n

\u201eKo<\/em>\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0440\u201c<\/em> nr 30 (Moskva). \u201e<\/em>\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u043c\u201c, 1995\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

\u041d. \u0424. \u041c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u201e\u0421\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438\u201c<\/em>, 2019, Moskva.<\/p>\n

Micheli kataloog 2000\/2001<\/p>\n

Hurt, Vambola; Elmar Ojaste.\u00a0Eesti. Estonia. Philately & postal history handbook. Catalogue.<\/em> Stockholm, New York: Estonian Philatelic Society, 1986<\/p>\n

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Eve Aab, ERMi produtsent; Ants Linnard, Rahvusvahelise Eesti Filatelistide Seltsi liige. Lugu viib meid tsaariaega, mil tuli ette sedagi, et kirju saadeti pooleks l\u00f5igatud margiga.\u00a0Venemaal v\u00f5eti margid kasutusele 1. jaanuaril 1858 ja nende nominaal oli 10 kopikat. M\u00fc\u00fcgile tulid nii hammastatud kui ka hammastusmasina rikke t\u00f5ttu l\u00f5igatud margid. Need margid on kustutatud punkt-numbertempliga.\u00a0Hammastatud markide tiraa\u017e…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":15450,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[39,1,5,7,19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15429","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ajalooga-asjad","category-maaratlemata","category-museaal","category-naitus","category-sundmus"],"yoast_head":"\nPooleks l\u00f5igatud margid - Eesti Rahva Muuseumi ajaveeb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.erm.ee\/?p=15429\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"et_EE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pooleks l\u00f5igatud margid - Eesti Rahva Muuseumi ajaveeb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Eve Aab, ERMi produtsent; Ants Linnard, Rahvusvahelise Eesti Filatelistide Seltsi liige. Lugu viib meid tsaariaega, mil tuli ette sedagi, et kirju saadeti pooleks l\u00f5igatud margiga.\u00a0Venemaal v\u00f5eti margid kasutusele 1. jaanuaril 1858 ja nende nominaal oli 10 kopikat. M\u00fc\u00fcgile tulid nii hammastatud kui ka hammastusmasina rikke t\u00f5ttu l\u00f5igatud margid. 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Lugu viib meid tsaariaega, mil tuli ette sedagi, et kirju saadeti pooleks l\u00f5igatud margiga.\u00a0Venemaal v\u00f5eti margid kasutusele 1. jaanuaril 1858 ja nende nominaal oli 10 kopikat. M\u00fc\u00fcgile tulid nii hammastatud kui ka hammastusmasina rikke t\u00f5ttu l\u00f5igatud margid. Need margid on kustutatud punkt-numbertempliga.\u00a0Hammastatud markide tiraa\u017e…","og_url":"https:\/\/blog.erm.ee\/?p=15429","og_site_name":"Eesti Rahva Muuseumi ajaveeb","article_published_time":"2022-02-03T08:00:37+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1600,"height":1148,"url":"https:\/\/blog.erm.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/019.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Eesti Rahva Muuseum","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Eesti Rahva Muuseum","Est. reading time":"6 minutit"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/blog.erm.ee\/?p=15429#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/blog.erm.ee\/?p=15429"},"author":{"name":"Eesti Rahva Muuseum","@id":"https:\/\/blog.erm.ee\/#\/schema\/person\/6e98c391cb00a33e7c22a3571e062114"},"headline":"Pooleks l\u00f5igatud margid","datePublished":"2022-02-03T08:00:37+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/blog.erm.ee\/?p=15429"},"wordCount":875,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/blog.erm.ee\/?p=15429#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/blog.erm.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/019.jpg","articleSection":{"0":"Ajalooga asjad","2":"Museaal","3":"N\u00e4itus","4":"S\u00fcndmus"},"inLanguage":"et","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/blog.erm.ee\/?p=15429#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/blog.erm.ee\/?p=15429","url":"https:\/\/blog.erm.ee\/?p=15429","name":"Pooleks l\u00f5igatud margid - 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