{"id":14843,"date":"2021-07-05T11:20:12","date_gmt":"2021-07-05T08:20:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.erm.ee\/?p=14843"},"modified":"2021-07-05T14:46:56","modified_gmt":"2021-07-05T11:46:56","slug":"saarlaste-vikatid-vihisesid-lohnavas-rohus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.erm.ee\/?p=14843","title":{"rendered":"Saarlaste vikatid vihisesid l\u00f5hnavas rohus"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u00dclle J\u00e4e, ERMi koguhoidja<\/p>\n

M\u00e4rkamatult on jaanikuust saanud heinakuu ja k\u00e4es on aeg kariloomadele talves\u00f6\u00f6ta varuda. Kuidas seda t\u00f6\u00f6d Saaremaal 100 aastat tagasi tehti, saame lugeda Eduard K\u00e4\u00e4parise 1924. aasta v\u00e4lit\u00f6\u00f6de p\u00e4evikust.<\/p>\n

P\u00fchap\u00e4eva \u00f5htul, 6. juulil, j\u00f5udsin Mui k\u00fclasse. Oli k\u00e4es kibe heinaaeg. P\u00e4ev oli \u00fcks ilusamatest. Esmasp\u00e4eval loodeti head heinategu. Esmasp\u00e4eva hommikul kl 2 ajal koputas peretaat uksele, et nagu \u00f5htul kavatsetud \u00fches heinale minna. V\u00e4hese askelduse j\u00e4rel k\u00f5ndisime 8 inimest \u00fcle kastese karjamaa l\u00e4hema v\u00e4ina suunas mille kaldal heinamaa asus. Iga niitja kandis \u00f5lal Saaremaa vikatit \u2013 ka oma \u00f5lal tundsin \u00fcht sarnast riistapuud. Peremees kandis kaasas kasti tagavara vikatitega. Raske kast, mida ta v\u00f6\u00f6ga kaelas kandis sisaldas 14 h\u00e4sti k\u00e4iatud vikatit. Matkata tuli ainult paar kilomeetrit. Heinamaa ei asunud seekord kaugel. Teel tuli kohati piki m\u00f6\u00f6da kiviaedu ronida, et mitte enneaegu m\u00e4rjaks saada. Ronimises olid ise\u00e4ranis \u201enaisvaimud\u201c osavad, ka peremees ja perenaine j\u00f5udsid \u00f5nnelikult h\u00e4daohtlikumaist kohtadest \u00fcle. Pea olimegi heinamaal. Tuleb t\u00e4hendada, et siin kihelkonnas paljudel k\u00fcladel heinamaal heina k\u00fc\u00fcnid puuduvad, kuid Mui k\u00fcla meestel on k\u00fc\u00fcnid juba vanasti olnud. Mitmel pool k\u00fc\u00fcnide ees istusid juba ootevalmis t\u00f6\u00f6liste read. Peredes paistis silma \u201enaisvaimude\u201c rohkus. Niitmisel aitavad kaasa juba 14 aastased lapsed. Meie j\u00f5udsime oma k\u00fc\u00fcni juurde, kus samuti istet v\u00f5tsime, pead heina seest p\u00fcsti. Nii ligidal (kui kaugemal) paistis silma k\u00fc\u00fcnide rohkus. K\u00fc\u00fcnid asenduvad ligistikku \u2013 mis \u00fchisheinamaa pidamisest tingitud. Maa, mis k\u00fc\u00fcni all, kuulub pidevalt k\u00fc\u00fcni omanikule \u00fches seda \u00fcmbritseva maa-alaga, mis heinte kuivatamises h\u00e4dap\u00e4rane. M\u00f5ne minutiga olid k\u00f5ik k\u00fclarahvas kohal vaikselt istudes ja t\u00f6\u00f6 algatust oodates. M\u00f6\u00f6dus 8 minutit \u2013 ootasime. 10 minutit. Ikka ootame. M\u00f6\u00f6dusid 15 minutit \u2013 k\u00f5ik istuvad s\u00fcgavamas rohus ajuti k\u00fclakubjasse k\u00fc\u00fcni poole piiludes. 18 minutit\u2026. Vanataat muutub rahutuks ja k\u00fcsib: \u201eMis selle k\u00fclakubjassega siis \u00f5ieti on juhtunud, et ta end oodata laseb!\u201c Siin on viisiks ainult k\u00fclakubjasse algatusel niitma hakata. Seda pole n\u00e4ha. Niisiis on tingitud ootamine. K\u00fclakupjaks valitakse kordam\u00f6\u00f6da keegi sama k\u00fcla peremeestest, kelle amet v\u00e4ltab \u00fcks aasta. K\u00fclakupjaga oli sel p\u00e4eval \u00e4pardus juhtunud. Teel heinamaale m\u00f6\u00f6da kiviaeda k\u00e4ies, mis loikude vahelt l\u00e4bi viis, oli ta kivilt kivile astudes komistanud ja k\u00f5rval loigus end tublisti m\u00e4rjaks kastnud. Naerukihin k\u00e4is l\u00e4bi rahva, kui m\u00e4rg kubjas kohale j\u00f5udis. Ise\u00e4ralist l\u00f5bu tundis meie vanataat, kes s\u00f5nus muiates: \u201eN\u00e4e, missugune tugev mees v\u00e4\u00e4ratab, oleks veel minu, vanainimesega, see juhtunud.\u201c Kuid sellegi peale vaatamata ilmus kubjas varsti kohale ja asus varssi t\u00f6\u00f6le. K\u00fclakupja algatusel asuvad ligi 80 inimest korraga t\u00f6\u00f6le. Avanes n\u00e4ha seda \u00fclihuvitavat pilti, kus terve k\u00fcla nagu n\u00f5ias\u00f5nal j\u00e4rsku t\u00f6\u00f6d algas. Saarlase vikatid vihisesid l\u00f5hnavas rohus. P\u00f6ide kodanikud ei pinni vikatit haamri varal vaid k\u00e4iavad teda k\u00e4ial, mis iga talu \u00f5ue peal leidub. K\u00e4iavad nagu soomlased, kuid vikati vorm l\u00e4heb soome vikatist lahku. Veel rohkem erineb vikati l\u00fcsi. L\u00fcsi on kahe k\u00e4epidemega, mille varal vikatit tugevalt k\u00e4es v\u00f5ib hoida ja m\u00f5lema k\u00e4ega \u00fchtlaselt hoogu anda. T\u00f6\u00f6 oli seda huvitavam, et ilm imeilusana osutus. P\u00e4ike t\u00f5usis parajalt Muhu saare tagant. \u00d5hk oli soe ja puhas nagu see Saaremaal harilikult suvistel p\u00e4evadel ikka on. \u00dchemeelselt keerutasid vikatid elavat rohtu paksu kaare. Juba esimestel minutitel oli \u00fcle 70 kaare. Heinamaa loositakse siin iga 10 aasta j\u00e4rele v\u00e4lja. Missugusele talule missugune nummer satub, see asub vastava numbri alla kuuluvale heinamaale t\u00f6\u00f6le. Nii j\u00e4rjekorras 10 aasta v\u00e4ltusel on ta k\u00f5ik heinamaa t\u00fckid l\u00e4bi niitnud ja j\u00e4rgmine loos otsustab, missuguse heinamaaga ta j\u00e4lle \u00fchtteistk\u00fcmnendat aastat algab. Et heinasaaki \u00fchtlustada, on heinamaa v\u00f5imalikult mitmesse t\u00fckki jaotatud kust igale osa paremat ja pahemat heinamaad saab. Et see jaotus siis veel t\u00e4psem ja \u00fchtlasem oleks, on neil suurematel t\u00fckkidel alajaotused, kus j\u00e4lle \u00fchtlust n\u00f5utakse. Nii on igal peremehel \u00fcle 80 v\u00e4ikese heinamaa lapi, mis siin seal laialipaisatud asuvad. See jaotus s\u00fcnnitabki selle ise\u00e4ralise heinategemise viisi j\u00e4rele tarviduse. Sarnane jaotus on teravamal kujul p\u00fcsinud ainult kahes k\u00fclas \u2013 Mui k\u00fclas ja Ardla k\u00fclas. Teistel on \u00fchisheinamaad, mis vahetuse alla kuuluvad, suuremate t\u00fckkidena v\u00e4lja antud nagu Kakuna, Muraja ja K\u00f5rkvere ja Kanissaare k\u00fcladel. Selle tiheda jaotuse t\u00f5ttu on heinamaa t\u00fckikene ainult 4-5-6 kaart lai ja paark\u00fcmmend sammu pikk. On niisugune lapikene maha niidetud, tuleb vikatit k\u00e4es ehk seljas hoides j\u00e4rgmise lapi peale rutata, kus muist peret juba ees leidub. Et siia k\u00f5ik ei mahu, tuleb juba j\u00e4rgmisi lappisid \u00fcles leida jne. Ei saa salata, et lappide leidmine sugugi lihtne pole ehk nad k\u00fcll nummerdega ja \u00f5uem\u00e4rkidega \u00e4ra on m\u00e4rgitud. Neid v\u00f5ib edukalt leida ainult vilunud peremees ehk perenaine. Meie eelk\u00e4ijaks oli agar vanataat, kelle silm lapsi ja lapselapsi n\u00e4inud, kuid kes veel agar k\u00fcllalt oli nii niitma, kui ka piirisid s\u00f5tkuma. Vanaisal ei j\u00e4\u00e4nud palju aega muud teha, kui piire otsida ja s\u00f5tkuda. Teistel toimetasid seda peremehed ehk perenaised. Et iga lapi mahaniitmisel uue lapi peale tuli rutata, siis oli loomulik, et rohi, mis vahemisel lapil asus, kannatada sai. Sellest siis oligi tingitud p\u00fc\u00fce, et igal perel \u00fchtlaselt p\u00fc\u00fcti t\u00f6\u00f6lisi muretseda, kes heinamaal \u00fchtlasi ja \u00fches j\u00e4rjekorras t\u00f6\u00f6le asusid. Kui n\u00e4ituseks m\u00f5ni pere j\u00e4rgmisel p\u00e4eval oleks heinamaale tulnud, siis oleks ta kahju saanud, sest eelmisel p\u00e4eval oleks suur t\u00f6\u00f6tav pere tema lapikesed maha s\u00f5tkunud. Ka keelab seadus, mis neil kohapeal v\u00e4lja kujunenud, et keegi ei tohi heina t\u00e4hendatud p\u00e4eval rohkem niita, kui k\u00fcla koosolekul ette n\u00e4htud. Kui keegi rohkem niidab, siis otsitakse ta heinad j\u00e4rgmisel p\u00e4eval k\u00fcla poolt v\u00e4lja ja peremees saab suure kahju. Iga j\u00e4rgmist lappi niites olid meil uued naabrid. Varsti lendasid kuued \u2013 j\u00e4rgnesid vestid, niideti s\u00e4rgiv\u00e4el. Neiud, naised, noorikud on kergetes riietes. Esimesed kannavad luiskusid kaunistatud luisukottides, mis eestimustrilise v\u00f6\u00f6 k\u00fclge kinnitatud. Ka naistel ei puudu luisukotid. Mehed kannavad luisku kus juhtub. Harva tuleb k\u00e4iatud vikatit luisata. Niitmine s\u00fcnnib v\u00f5idu. Pere, kes oma maa-ala rutemini \u00e4ra on niitnud, saab pikema puhkeaja. Esimesel perel on teatav aukoht. (Sel p\u00e4eval j\u00f5udis esimesena oma t\u00f6\u00f6ga l\u00f5pule Tiidu talu, kus kaasa t\u00f6\u00f6tasin, mille tagaj\u00e4rjel tudengite nimele m\u00f5nigi headsooviv lause kuuldus). Ehk sarnasel heinat\u00f6\u00f6l peale oma suurte puuduste ka omad leidused leiduvad, ei saa seda heinategu viisi siiski kuigi palju kaitsta. Seda tunnevad ka mitmed talupojad, kes maade uuesti \u00fcmberm\u00f5\u00f5tmist ja \u00fchte krunti ajamist hoogsalt n\u00f5uavad, pole neil kuigiv\u00f5rd edu, sest ikka leidub neid, kes m\u00f5nesugusel p\u00f5hjusel vanast kinni hoiavad.<\/em><\/p>\n

Tartu \u00dclikoolis p\u00f5llumajandust tudeerinud K\u00e4\u00e4parinen oli sellise arhailise heinateo suhtes \u00fcsna kriitiline. Kellel aga soov ise vikatiga niitmist proovida v\u00f5i suisa v\u00f5istelda, siis on v\u00f5imalus seda teha 11. juulil ERMi v\u00e4lialal. Eestimaa Looduse Fond korradab niitmisv\u00f5istluse ja p\u00e4rimusp\u00e4eva. Lisainfo ELFi kodulehel<\/a> v\u00f5i sotsiaalmeedias<\/a>.<\/p>\n

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Fk 608:61 Heinatalgud Muhus P\u00e4rase k\u00fclas Jaani talu heinamaal. Foto Konstantin Kalamees 1931. a.<\/p><\/div>\n

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Fk 630:45 Vikati luiskamine Helme khk. Riidaja vallamaja juures. Foto Konstantin Kalamees 1932. a.<\/p><\/div>\n

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Fk 447:169 Heinalised rahvariides, Kihnu. Foto Oskar Kallas 1894. a.\u00a0<\/p><\/div>\n

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Fk 447:2 Muhu naine vikati ja rehaga. Foto Evald Allas 1895. a.<\/p><\/div>\n

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Fk 213:6 Heinaniitjad Tartu vallas Muugel. Foto Johannes P\u00e4\u00e4suke 1912. a.<\/p><\/div>\n

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Fk 217:195 Muhulased V\u00f5lla m\u00f5isa heinamaal. Foto Jphannes P\u00e4\u00e4suke 1913.a.<\/p><\/div>\n

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Fk 214:232 P\u00f6ide khk. Mui k\u00fcla heinatalgud. Foto Johannes P\u00e4\u00e4suke 1913.a.<\/p><\/div>\n

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Fk 214:233 P\u00f6ide khk. Mui k\u00fcla rahvas tuleb heinatalgutele. Foto Johannes P\u00e4\u00e4suke 1913.a.<\/p><\/div>\n

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Fk 604:49 Vikatik\u00e4iamine heinamaale minekul, Martna khk. Foto Kustaa Vilkuna 1931. a.<\/p><\/div>\n

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Fk 1512:4 Heinaniidu talgud 1901. a. Audru khk. V\u00f5lla vallas. Fotograaf teadmata.<\/p><\/div>\n

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Fk 2955:696 Otep\u00e4\u00e4 khk T\u00fcrgi talu peremees vikatiga aida ukse ees. Foto Elmar Einasto 1926.a.<\/p><\/div>\n

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Fk 3036:737 Heinaniitmine P\u00e4rnu-Jaagupi l\u00e4hedal 1913. a. Fotograaf teadmata.<\/p><\/div>\n

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Fk 2976:313 Nagu K\u00e4\u00e4parise ajal, nii ka t\u00e4nap\u00e4eval, tuleb enne informandiga jutule saamist kiireloomulised talut\u00f6\u00f6d \u00e4ra teha. ERMi heinalised Kuusinitsa k\u00fclas 2013.a. Setomaa v\u00e4lit\u00f6\u00f6del. Foto Anu Ansu.<\/p><\/div>\n

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Fk 3056:222 Visseli Enno teritab luisuga vikatit, et niita lammastele heina. Foto Kerti Vissel Karula kihelkond, 2019. a.<\/p><\/div>\n

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\u00dclle J\u00e4e, ERMi koguhoidja M\u00e4rkamatult on jaanikuust saanud heinakuu ja k\u00e4es on aeg kariloomadele talves\u00f6\u00f6ta varuda. Kuidas seda t\u00f6\u00f6d Saaremaal 100 aastat tagasi tehti, saame lugeda Eduard K\u00e4\u00e4parise 1924. aasta v\u00e4lit\u00f6\u00f6de p\u00e4evikust. P\u00fchap\u00e4eva \u00f5htul, 6. juulil, j\u00f5udsin Mui k\u00fclasse. Oli k\u00e4es kibe heinaaeg. P\u00e4ev oli \u00fcks ilusamatest. Esmasp\u00e4eval loodeti head heinategu. Esmasp\u00e4eva hommikul kl 2…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14857,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14843","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-foto","category-maaratlemata"],"yoast_head":"\nSaarlaste vikatid vihisesid l\u00f5hnavas rohus - Eesti Rahva Muuseumi ajaveeb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.erm.ee\/?p=14843\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"et_EE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Saarlaste vikatid vihisesid l\u00f5hnavas rohus - Eesti Rahva Muuseumi ajaveeb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00dclle J\u00e4e, ERMi koguhoidja M\u00e4rkamatult on jaanikuust saanud heinakuu ja k\u00e4es on aeg kariloomadele talves\u00f6\u00f6ta varuda. Kuidas seda t\u00f6\u00f6d Saaremaal 100 aastat tagasi tehti, saame lugeda Eduard K\u00e4\u00e4parise 1924. aasta v\u00e4lit\u00f6\u00f6de p\u00e4evikust. P\u00fchap\u00e4eva \u00f5htul, 6. juulil, j\u00f5udsin Mui k\u00fclasse. Oli k\u00e4es kibe heinaaeg. P\u00e4ev oli \u00fcks ilusamatest. Esmasp\u00e4eval loodeti head heinategu. 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