{"id":14694,"date":"2021-05-06T11:20:02","date_gmt":"2021-05-06T08:20:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.erm.ee\/?p=14694"},"modified":"2021-05-06T11:25:33","modified_gmt":"2021-05-06T08:25:33","slug":"lastesaabaste-konserveerimine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.erm.ee\/?p=14694","title":{"rendered":"Lastesaabaste konserveerimine"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Autor: Silli Peedosk, ERMi konservaator.<\/p>\n

Palamuse O. Lutsu Kihelkonnamuuseumi kogu, PAL 1603:1 Aj 433:1; PAL 1603:2 Aj 433:2)<\/p>\n

Jalan\u00f5ud on olnud ajast aega k\u00f5ige levinumad nahkesemed, mida inimesed on valmistanud ja kasutanud. Ent samas on vanu jalatseid, mis on t\u00e4nap\u00e4evani h\u00e4sti s\u00e4ilinud, \u00fcsna v\u00e4he. Neid kulub inimesel elu jooksul mitu paari, kuid vanasti kanti neid enamasti nii kaua, kui v\u00e4hegi kanda andis. Lagunenud kotad visati minema ja kuna naha puhul on tegemist orgaanilise materjaliga, hakkasid need ebasobivates tingimustes kiiresti lagunema. Seet\u00f5ttu ongi vanad jalatsid \u00fcsna haruldased ja v\u00e4hesedki leiud on enamasti kehvas seisus \u2013 vorm on kadunud ning deformeerunud nahk on kuivanud k\u00f5vaks ja paindumatuks.<\/p>\n

P\u00f5nev protsess<\/em><\/p>\n

Palamuse O. Lutsu Kihelkonnamuuseumist j\u00f5udis selle aasta jaanuaris ERMi konserveerimisosakonda kaks eri paarist lastesaabast. J\u00f5geva maakonnas P\u00f5ltsamaa vallas Aidus asuva Padina talu p\u00f6\u00f6ningult leiti korrastust\u00f6\u00f6de k\u00e4igus 2020. aastal hulk vanu pastlaid ja naiste- ning meestejalatseid. Nende hulgas oli ka kaks umbes viieaastase lapse vasaku jala nahast poolsaabast (koguja Toivo Tiks). Tegemist on ilmselt 19. sajandi l\u00f5pu ja 20. sajandi alguse jalan\u00f5udega, mille seisund oli ERMi j\u00f5udes v\u00e4ga halb. Saapad olid tugevasti deformeerunud ja m\u00e4\u00e4rdunud, nii et esmapilgul oli raske isegi aru saada, missuguse konstruktsiooniga need t\u00e4psemalt on. Kindlalt v\u00f5is vaid v\u00e4ita, et tegemist on kingsepa valmistatud jalan\u00f5udega, mitte kodus meisterdatud kottadega, sest m\u00f5lemal saapal olid korralikult t\u00f6\u00f6deldud tikutatud tallad. Konservaatori jaoks pakkusid saapad aga igal juhul p\u00f5nevat v\u00e4ljakutset.
\nAlustati kuivpuhastusega. Esmalt eemaldati tolmuimejaga saabaste pinnalt ning sisemusest lahtine mustus ja tolm. Seej\u00e4rel puhastati pintsli abil kohad, kuhu tolmuimejaga oli raske ligi p\u00e4\u00e4seda, nt \u00f5mbluste ja detailide vahekohad, samuti p\u00fc\u00fcti deformeerunud sisemiste detailide ning kortsu kuivanud naha vahelt ja alt k\u00e4tte saada v\u00f5imalikult palju mustust (tolm, kuivanud pori, heinapebred, viljapead jms). Seej\u00e4rel puhastati pinda tahmak\u00e4sna ja puhastuslappidega, et eemaldada nahapinnale tugevamini kinnitunud mustus. Viimasena j\u00e4rgnes m\u00e4rgpuhastus: pinna t\u00f6\u00f6tlemine deioniseeritud vees niisutatud vatitampoonidega. Vette oli lisatud ka tilgake ammooniumh\u00fcdroksiidi, mis on v\u00e4ga v\u00e4ikeses kontsentratsioonis kasutatuna nahale ohutu, aga aitab t\u00f5husalt kaasa mustuse eraldumisele.<\/p>\n

Niisutamine<\/em><\/p>\n

Vana naha p\u00f5hiprobleem on selle j\u00e4igastumine. Sageli arvatakse, et k\u00f5vaks ja kangeks muutunud nahka on v\u00f5imalik uuesti pehmeks saada spetsiaalseid emulsioone, kreeme v\u00f5i vahasid kasutades. Tegelikult see nii ei ole. Vana k\u00f5vaks kuivanud nahk j\u00e4\u00e4b paraku selliseks. Sageli on j\u00e4igaks muutunud esemed ka tugevasti deformeerunud. Deformatsioonist vabanemiseks ja algse vormi andmiseks on ainus variant neid niisutada, sest niiske nahk muutub pehmeks ja annab v\u00f5imaluse seda vormida. Kuivades aga muutub nahk paraku taas j\u00e4igaks ning paindumatuks.
\nNahka ei tohi l\u00e4bi leotada, vaid tuleb niisutada just nii palju, et ta muutuks pehmeks ja oleks t\u00f6\u00f6deldav. Kuivamine peab toimuma aeglaselt stabiilses ja nahale sobivas keskkonnas. Kindlasti ei tohi nahka kuivatada kuuma \u00f5hu abil. Samas tuleb j\u00e4lgida, et aeglasel kuivamisel ei hakkaks kusagil kasvama hallitust.
\nAntud saabaste niisutamiseks kasutati spetsiaalset kambrit. Kamber t\u00e4ideti k\u00fclma auruga, mis ei teinud nahka l\u00e4binisti m\u00e4rjaks, vaid niisutas just sedav\u00f5rd, et see muutus pehmeks ja elastseks ning oli v\u00f5imalik hakata taastama saabaste kolmem\u00f5\u00f5tmelist kuju.
\nSaapad t\u00e4ideti vormimise ajaks tihedalt tavalise pehme majapidamispaberiga. Nii oli neid hea modelleerida ja samas kogus paber nahast niiskust ning aitas kaasa kuivamisele. Enne paberiga t\u00e4itmist t\u00f6\u00f6deldi saabaste sisemus hallituse v\u00e4ltimiseks igaks juhuks \u00fcle isopropanooliga. Niiskeks muutunud paberid vahetati protsessi jooksul mitu korda kuivade vastu. Lisaks vormimisele sirutati \u00fche saapa s\u00e4\u00e4reosa kortsunud ja mitmekordselt kokku kuivanud nahk ning parandati rebenenud tekstiilvooder. Teisel saapal viidi tagasi oma \u00f5igesse asendisse k\u00f5veraks keerdunud sisetald.<\/p>\n

Selgus, mis saapaga tegu<\/em><\/p>\n

Vormimise k\u00e4igus sai selgeks, missugust t\u00fc\u00fcpi saapaga kummalgi juhul tegemist on. P\u00e4rast naha sirutamist ilmnes, et \u00fchel saapal on k\u00f5rgem s\u00e4\u00e4r, mis k\u00e4is kinni viie n\u00f6\u00f6biga. N\u00f6\u00f6bid ei ole k\u00fcll s\u00e4ilinud, kui n\u00e4ha on nende asukohad ja n\u00f6\u00f6paugud. S\u00e4\u00e4reosa nahk oli \u00f5huke ja pehme ning saapa tald oli \u00f5huke. Seet\u00f5ttu m\u00f5jus saabas tervikuna peene ja kergena, mis viib m\u00f5ttele, et saapapaari kanti soojemal ning kuivemal ajal. Sellised saapad olid laialt levinud, sest vanadel fotodel v\u00f5ib neid sageli lastel jalas n\u00e4ha.
\nTeise saapa s\u00e4\u00e4reosa pole kahjuks h\u00e4sti s\u00e4ilinud. Konstruktsioon ja k\u00fclje\u00f5mbluse \u00e4\u00e4res s\u00e4ilinud v\u00e4ljaveninud tekstiili j\u00e4\u00e4nused lubavad oletada, et tegemist on poolsaabastega, mille madala s\u00e4\u00e4reosa k\u00fcljepaneelid olid tekstiilkummist. Taolised saapad on t\u00e4nap\u00e4eval tuntud Chelsea saabaste nime all, mis on populaarseks saanud ennek\u00f5ike Beatlesite kaudu. Tegelikult hakati selliseid saapaid valmistama juba 19. sajandil ja nende kandmine muutus eriti laialdaseks t\u00e4nu tekstiilkummi kasutuselev\u00f5tmisega \u2013 sellest valmistatud k\u00fcljepaneelid tegid jalgapaneku ja \u00e4rav\u00f5tmise v\u00e4ga mugavaks. Neid saapaid tehti nii meestele kui naistele, kuid raske on \u00f6elda, kui levinud need Eestis olid. Antud saapa puhul pole ka v\u00f5imatu teistsuguse s\u00e4\u00e4re variant. Saapal on paksem tald kui eelmisel, seega v\u00f5iks arvata, et tegemist on porisema ilma jalan\u00f5udega. Sellele viitas ka rohke kuivanud pori. \u00dcldiselt tundub see saabas rohkem kulunud kui esimene.
\nP\u00e4rast vormimist t\u00f6\u00f6deldi saabaste pinda KlucelG etanoolilahusega. See on geeljas aine, mis t\u00e4idab naha mikropraod, kinnitab ja tugevdab pudisevat nahka ning kaitseb-\u00fchtlustab kulunud naha pinda. T\u00e4nu Klucelile puudub vajadus nahka viimistleda m\u00f5ne kreemi v\u00f5i emulsiooniga. Nagu juba mainitud, ei muuda sellised ained nahka pehmemaks \u2013 kui kreemitamine nahale midagi annab, siis vaid l\u00fchiajalise v\u00e4rskema v\u00e4ljan\u00e4gemise. Pigem v\u00f5ivad naha s\u00fcgavamatesse kihtidesse sattunud ained hakata seal aja jooksul happelisi reaktsioone tekitama (eriti kui tegemist on orgaanika baasil emulsiooni, kreemi vms) ja nahale hoopis suuremat kahju teha. Samuti seob rasvane pind kergemini mustust ja tolmu.
\nSelleks et saapad j\u00e4\u00e4ksid vormi hoidma, valmistati neile siidipaberist t\u00e4idis. Kuna muuseumil on plaanis saapaid edaspidi eksponeerida k\u00f6stripere eluruumis lapse asjade juures, siis saab Palamusel neid toredaid jalan\u00f5usid oma silmaga ka n\u00e4ha.<\/p>\n

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Saapad enne konserveerimist. Foto: Silli Peedosk<\/p><\/div>\n

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Enne konserveerimist. Foto: Silli Peedosk<\/p><\/div>\n

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Saabas kuivpuhastamise ajal. Foto: Silli Peedosk<\/p><\/div>\n

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Saapad niiskuskambris. Foto: Silli Peedosk<\/p><\/div>\n

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Saabaste vormimine. Foto: Silli Peedosk<\/p><\/div>\n

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Saapad p\u00e4rast konserveerimist. Foto: Silli Peedosk<\/p><\/div>\n

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P\u00e4rast konserveerimist. Foto: Silli Peedosk<\/p><\/div>\n

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Autor: Silli Peedosk, ERMi konservaator. Palamuse O. Lutsu Kihelkonnamuuseumi kogu, PAL 1603:1 Aj 433:1; PAL 1603:2 Aj 433:2) Jalan\u00f5ud on olnud ajast aega k\u00f5ige levinumad nahkesemed, mida inimesed on valmistanud ja kasutanud. Ent samas on vanu jalatseid, mis on t\u00e4nap\u00e4evani h\u00e4sti s\u00e4ilinud, \u00fcsna v\u00e4he. Neid kulub inimesel elu jooksul mitu paari, kuid vanasti kanti neid…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14699,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14694","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-konserveerimine","category-museaal"],"yoast_head":"\nLastesaabaste konserveerimine - Eesti Rahva Muuseumi ajaveeb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.erm.ee\/?p=14694\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"et_EE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Lastesaabaste konserveerimine - Eesti Rahva Muuseumi ajaveeb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Autor: Silli Peedosk, ERMi konservaator. 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Palamuse O. Lutsu Kihelkonnamuuseumi kogu, PAL 1603:1 Aj 433:1; PAL 1603:2 Aj 433:2) Jalan\u00f5ud on olnud ajast aega k\u00f5ige levinumad nahkesemed, mida inimesed on valmistanud ja kasutanud. Ent samas on vanu jalatseid, mis on t\u00e4nap\u00e4evani h\u00e4sti s\u00e4ilinud, \u00fcsna v\u00e4he. 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