{"id":13965,"date":"2020-10-08T12:00:36","date_gmt":"2020-10-08T09:00:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.erm.ee\/?p=13965"},"modified":"2020-10-08T12:44:56","modified_gmt":"2020-10-08T09:44:56","slug":"margivoltsingud-ja-postmark-spionaazi-teenistuses","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.erm.ee\/?p=13965","title":{"rendered":"Margiv\u00f5ltsingud ja postmark spionaa\u017ei teenistuses"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Autor: ERMi n\u00e4ituste talituse produtsent Eve Aab.<\/p>\n

Nagu ajalugu sirvides selgub, on ka margimaailmal oma pahupool, nimelt v\u00f5ltsingud, vargused. Postmarke on kasutatud lausa tapariistana, lisades liimile kiire m\u00f5juga m\u00fcrgist ainet \u2013 see ei s\u00fcndinud k\u00fcll Eestis.<\/p>\n

F. Peterson, endine Tartu kriminaalpolitsei \u00fclem ja filatelist, kirjutab ajakirjas Eesti Filatelist (nr 5, 1959) nii: \u201eK\u00f5iki Eesti postmarke kuni sepp-kangur sarjani, v.a invaliidide kaks \u00fcletr\u00fckiga marki, on v\u00f5ltsitud. Ka \u201eAita h\u00e4dalist\u201c ja \u00f5hupostimarke. Hiljem hakati markide tr\u00fckkimisel kasutama v\u00f5rk-\u00fcletr\u00fckki, mis Eesti oludes tegi markide v\u00f5ltsimise peaaegu v\u00f5imatuks.\u201c<\/p>\n

Markide v\u00f5ltsimise teema t\u00f5status t\u00f5sisemalt rahvusvahelise margikogujate seltsi \u201eEstonia\u201c asutamisel 6. detsembril 1931. Juba esimeses seltsi ajakirjas Estonia (18. jaanuar 1932) kirjutati: \u201eSiinjuures anname oma lugejatele v\u00e4ikese \u00fclevaate v\u00f5ltsijate organisatsiooni tegevusest. V\u00f5ltsijad on h\u00e4sti\u00a0 organiseerinud j\u00f5uguks, kes s\u00fcstemaatiliselt marke v\u00f5ltsib ja v\u00f5ltsmarke levitab. L\u00e4inud aasta 23. septembril korraldas kriminaalpolitsei rea l\u00e4biotsimisi mitmes kohas \u00fcle Eesti: Tartus, P\u00e4rnus, Tallinnas, N\u00f5mmel, V\u00f5hmas, Olustveres, L\u00fcganusel, Viljandis, mis \u00fcllatavaid tagaj\u00e4rgi andsid.\u201c<\/p>\n

Tollane seadusandlus ei n\u00e4inud ette karistust markide v\u00f5ltsimise eest, kui see ei olnud suunatud postivalitsuse vastu. Nii juhtuski, et ajakirjas avaldatud kirjat\u00fckis nimetatud v\u00f5ltsijad p\u00f6\u00f6rdusid kohtu poole, et ennast kaitsta, ja seltsi esimees ning ajakirja toimetaja Emil Bruhl v\u00f5eti kohtulikule vastutusele auhaavamise eest.<\/p>\n

Neli aastat hiljem t\u00e4ideti ka vastav seadusl\u00fcnk. Eeln\u00f5u koostasid professor Karl Saarmann ja kohtunik Johannes Breyer ning selle kiitsid heaks Postipeavalitsuse direktor Gustav Jallajas, teedeministri abi Karl J\u00fcrgenson ja kohtuministeeriumi n\u00f5unik Kaarel Matto. Riigivanem Konstantin P\u00e4ts kinnitas seaduse t\u00e4ienduse oma dekreediga 27. m\u00e4rtsil 1936 ja see j\u00f5ustus 13. aprillil.<\/p>\n

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Riigi Teataja nr 29, 1936, lk 495. Foto Arp Karm<\/p><\/div>\n

Markide v\u00f5ltsimisest ja v\u00f5ltsijatest on Eesti Filatelistides (EF) korduvalt juttu olnud. 1976. aastal kirjutati pikemalt Viljandi v\u00f5ltsijast Jaan Lubist, 1978. aastal aga n\u00e4iteks s\u00f5ja j\u00e4rel tegutsenud Ralf Linnost.<\/p>\n

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Viikingilaeva v\u00f5ltsingud. ERM PM: Hu17-189<\/p><\/div>\n

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Viikingilaeva v\u00f5ltsingud. ERM PM: Hu17-187; Hu17-188<\/p><\/div>\n

Esimesest markide v\u00f5ltsimise juhusest maailmas kirjutab A. E. Pensa Eesti Filatelistis nr 5, 1959.<\/p>\n

Inglismaa oli \u00fcks v\u00e4hestest riikidest, kus marke v\u00f5ltsiti suhteliselt v\u00e4he. Seal kasutati nimelt markide tr\u00fckkimisel vesim\u00e4rgiga paberit ja karistused nende v\u00f5ltsimise eest olid ranged. Sellest hoolimata v\u00f5ltsiti aga esimesed margid just Inglismaal \u2013 need olid 1867. aastal v\u00e4lja antud rohelised \u00fche\u0161illingilised margid. Londoni b\u00f6rsi- ja telegraafiametnik teenis sel viisil paari aastaga ligikaudu 50\u00a0000 naela ja l\u00e4ks seej\u00e4rel rahulikult pensionile. Tema teole sai j\u00e4lile margispetsialist Chas. A. Nissen, ehkki alles aastal 1898, kuid selleks ajaks oli kuritegu ammu aegunud.<\/p>\n

Postmargid ja filateelia spionaa\u017ei teenistuses <\/strong><\/p>\n

Inimese leidlikkusel pole piire ning vahendeid-v\u00f5imalusi leidub alati. Praegu paneb see lugeja ehk muigama, aga omal ajal olid margid t\u00f5husad salateate edastamise vahendiks. Nimelt kirjutati s\u00f5num v\u00f5i joonistati plaan \u00fcmbrikule sellesse kohta, kuhu kleebiti mark peale. Samuti n-\u00f6 projekteeriti teateid k\u00f5ikv\u00f5imalike keemiliste vahenditega v\u00f5i fototehnikat kasutades margi tagak\u00fcljele.<\/p>\n

M\u00f5nikord kasutati koodi, mis koosnes margist endast ja templij\u00e4ljendist. Paremini sobisid selleks standardmargi sarjad (\u00fcks kujundus, eri v\u00e4rv ja nominaal). F. Peterson toob Eesti Filatelistis nr 5, 1959 n\u00e4itena Saksamaa margisarja. Iga mark vastab t\u00e4hestiku \u00fchele t\u00e4hele. Kui anda edasi lause, tuleks marke saata vastavalt selles sisalduvate t\u00e4htede arvule. Kui aga asetades margid t\u00e4htede j\u00e4rjekorras, on saajal\u00a0 raske orienteeruda, sest pole ju teada, kui palju s\u00f5nu on lauses. Nii lisati n\u00e4iteks kuus suureformaadilist eri v\u00e4rvides marki, mis n\u00e4itas s\u00f5nade arvu lauses. V\u00e4rvide j\u00e4rjekord osutas kokkuleppel, milline on esimene, teine jne s\u00f5na. Lisati ka teiste riikide marke samas v\u00e4rvitooni. Nominaalv\u00e4\u00e4rtus n\u00e4itas samas, kui palju t\u00e4hti on esimeses, teises jne s\u00f5nas.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Pilt on illustreeriv. Foto Arp Karm<\/p><\/div>\n

Samuti kasutati koodi teenistuses margi sakke, nurki ja murdekohti ning templi peal olevaid numbreid.<\/p>\n

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Pilt on illustreeriv. Foto Arp Karm<\/p><\/div>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Pilt on illustreeriv. Foto Arp Karm<\/p><\/div>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Pilt on illustreeriv. Foto Arp Karm<\/p><\/div>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Pilt on illustreeriv. Foto Arp Karm<\/p><\/div>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Pilt on illustreeriv. Foto Arp Karm<\/p><\/div>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Pilt on illustreeriv. Foto Arp Karm<\/p><\/div>\n

Templij\u00e4ljend margil on salateadete ja m\u00e4rkide tegemiseks ideaalne koht, kus sai lausa pikki lauseid koostada.<\/p>\n

L\u00f5petuseks midagi meeleolukat!<\/p>\n

Vaata, kuidas oli v\u00f5imalik margiga salas\u00f5numit saata!<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Pilt on illustreeriv. Erakogu<\/p><\/div>\n

Vaata ka uut postiajaloo virtuaaln\u00e4itust “Oma riik, oma mark 5.osa” Viikingilaev<\/a><\/p>\n

Kirjandus<\/p>\n

Riigi Teataja nr 29, 1936, lk 495.<\/p>\n

Eesti Filatelist nr 5, 1959. Eesti filatelistide Seltsi v\u00e4ljaanne Ameerikas New Yorgis, lk 17\u201318.<\/p>\n

Eesti Filatelist nr 18\/19, 1976. Eesti filatelistide Seltsi v\u00e4ljaanne Ameerikas New Yorgis, lk 95\u201397.<\/p>\n

Eesti Filatelist nr 22\/23, 1978. Eesti filatelistide Seltsi v\u00e4ljaanne Ameerikas New Yorgis, lk 198\u2013199.<\/p>\n

Estonia <\/em>nr 1, 1932.<\/em> Rahvusvaheline margikogujate selts \u201eEstonia\u201c h\u00e4\u00e4lekandja.<\/p>\n

\n

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Autor: ERMi n\u00e4ituste talituse produtsent Eve Aab. Nagu ajalugu sirvides selgub, on ka margimaailmal oma pahupool, nimelt v\u00f5ltsingud, vargused. Postmarke on kasutatud lausa tapariistana, lisades liimile kiire m\u00f5juga m\u00fcrgist ainet \u2013 see ei s\u00fcndinud k\u00fcll Eestis. F. Peterson, endine Tartu kriminaalpolitsei \u00fclem ja filatelist, kirjutab ajakirjas Eesti Filatelist (nr 5, 1959) nii: \u201eK\u00f5iki Eesti postmarke…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13972,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13965","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-maaratlemata","category-sundmus"],"yoast_head":"\nMargiv\u00f5ltsingud ja postmark spionaa\u017ei teenistuses - Eesti Rahva Muuseumi ajaveeb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.erm.ee\/?p=13965\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"et_EE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Margiv\u00f5ltsingud ja postmark spionaa\u017ei teenistuses - Eesti Rahva Muuseumi ajaveeb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Autor: ERMi n\u00e4ituste talituse produtsent Eve Aab. 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