{"id":13292,"date":"2020-02-13T10:30:48","date_gmt":"2020-02-13T08:30:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.erm.ee\/?p=13292"},"modified":"2020-03-16T13:58:45","modified_gmt":"2020-03-16T11:58:45","slug":"metsast-maratonile-suusatamisest-eestis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.erm.ee\/?p=13292","title":{"rendered":"Metsast maratonile: suusatamisest Eestis"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Autor: Kata Maria Metsar, ERMi n\u00e4ituste korralduse talituse produtsent<\/p>\n

See lugu on p\u00fchendatud suusatamisele, mis tundub lumevaesel talvel \u00fcha ligit\u00f5mbavam. Pealegi m\u00f6\u00f6dub just t\u00e4navu 60 aastat esimesest Tartu Maratonist ning selleks puhuks on Eesti Rahva Muuseumisse \u00fcles seatud n\u00e4itus \u201eTartu Maraton 60\u201c. See avab maratoni ajalugu ja edastab ka v\u00e4rvikaid lugusid ning juhtumisi.<\/p>\n

Aga miks, millega ja kus me \u00fcldse suusatame? Kui k\u00fcsida p\u00f5hjanaabritelt, kust suusatamine alguse sai, viitavad nad suure uhkusega pakasejumal Ullile, kes liikus edasi just suuskadel. Varajasi suuski on leitud Norrast, Rootsist, P\u00f5hja-Siberist ja Altai m\u00e4estikust peaaegu 4500 aastat tagasi. K\u00f5ige vanem teadaolev suusk on aga dateeritud umbes 8300 aasta tagusesse aega ja p\u00e4rit on see Komimaalt Sindori j\u00e4rve \u00e4\u00e4rest. Eesti ja suuskade kohta on teada, et 19. sajandil pruugiti neid v\u00e4he, aga jahimehed ja metsavahid panid siiski suusad alla metsa- ja lumerikastes piirkondades. Suusad oli tehtud haavapuidust ning need olid l\u00fchikesed ja laiad, ilma tallasooneta. Jalaase oli \u00e4\u00e4ristatud madala kandiga ja suusanina raiuti v\u00f5i painutati \u00fclespoole k\u00f5veraks.<\/p>\n

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Jahimees suuskadel. Foto: August Blatt, u 1900. ERM 2611:123<\/p><\/div>\n

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L\u00fchikesed laiad suusad Raplast, millega k\u00e4idi s\u00fcgava lumega metsat\u00f6\u00f6l. ERM A 565:1340\/ab<\/p><\/div>\n

18. sajandil kulusid P\u00f5hjamaades suusad \u00e4ra s\u00f5jaolukordades, loodi lausa eraldi suusar\u00fcgemendid. Tartussegi j\u00f5udsid suusav\u00f5istlused just s\u00f5janduse kaudu. 1894. aastal t\u00f5i Vene tsaariarmee oma polgu Soomest Tartusse, kus j\u00e4tkati suusatamisharrastusega. Nende eeskuju nakatas teisigi ja esimesed suusav\u00f5istlused korraldati Tartu \u00fcmbruses 1912. aastal. Esimeseks ametlikuks Eesti suusav\u00f5istluseks peetakse aga 20. jaanuaril 1921. aastal toimunud j\u00f5uproovi Emaj\u00f5el. Iseseisvunud Eestis levis suusatamine eelk\u00f5ige t\u00e4nu kaitsev\u00e4ele, sest k\u00f5ik s\u00f5durid pidid oskama suusatada. 1930. aastate alguses k\u00e4is Eestis suuskade valmistamist \u00f5petamas Soome Kaitseliidu suusainstruktor Eino Sipola.<\/p>\n

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Eino Sipola koolitatud suusasepad andsid oskusi omakorda edasi. Kaitseliidu Petseri maleva korraldatud suusavalmistamiskursustel osalejad enda tehtud suuskadega. ERM fk 2870:115<\/p><\/div>\n

Suusatamine muutus \u00fcha populaarsemaks ja varasemad \u00fclipikad lauskmaasuusad vahetusid 1930. aastatel soomlaste eeskujul m\u00e4rksa l\u00fchemate murdmaasuuskadega. Samuti hakati kasutama kindlamaid suusasidemeid. 1935. aastaks oli Eestis juba ligi 50 000 paari suuski.<\/p>\n

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Viljandi naissuusatajad \u00fclipikkade lauskmaasuuskadega. Foto: Jaan Riet, 1917. ERM 1356:49<\/p><\/div>\n

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Narva Noorte \u00dchingu Astra spordiosakond, 1928. ERM fk 527:9<\/p><\/div>\n

Suuskade k\u00f5rval hakkas kiirelt muutuma ka suusariietus. Rahvuslikus tuules asuti valmistama kaunite mustritega kootud r\u00f5ivaid. 1930. aastatel juurdusid naiste spordiriietuses p\u00fcksid. Aja jooksul asendusid kudumid tehismaterjalidega, mis lasid \u00f5hul liikuda ja ei olnud nii paksud.<\/p>\n

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1920. aastatel suusatasid naised ikka seelikus. Foto: Jakob Bockmann. ERM fk 2133:893<\/p><\/div>\n

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1930. aastatel panid naisedki juba sportides p\u00fcksid jalga. Ljubov ja Anatoli Mitt Raadi pargis 1938. ERM fk 3029:16<\/p><\/div>\n

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Esimesed naisspordi \u201ekompleed\u201c on valmistanud 1924. aastal Baronin Toll. ERMi arhiivikogu<\/p><\/div>\n

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Nii nagu suuski tehti ise, kooti endale ka suusariided. Reet Leidmaa ja Ly Soots 1969. aasta m\u00e4rtsis Vapram\u00e4el. Reedal on seljas ema kootud suusakampsun. ERM fk 3029:85<\/p><\/div>\n

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Faime J\u00fcrno tutvustab suusamoodi. Foto: Viktor Salmre, 1967. ERM fk 2644:16313<\/p><\/div>\n

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Annelinlased l\u00e4hevad suusatama, seljas ilmastikukindlad r\u00f5ivad. Foto: Anu J\u00e4rs, 1999. ERM fk 2688:26<\/p><\/div>\n

1960. aastatel muutus palju nii v\u00f5istlusareenil kui ka vabaaja suusatamises. Hakati k\u00e4ima suusapuhkusel ja tekkis suusaturism. Meilgi kogusid sel ajal hoogu suusamatkad, mille najal s\u00fcndiski Tartu Maraton. Lisaks korraldati propagandah\u00f5ngulisi turismireise, n\u00e4iteks s\u00f5ideti 1968. aastal kaheksa p\u00e4evaga Tartust Velikije Lukisse, k\u00fclastades Teise maailmas\u00f5ja lahingupaiku.<\/p>\n

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Noored v\u00f5tavad suusalaagris p\u00e4ikest, 1957. ERM fk 2884:11<\/p><\/div>\n

Tartu Maratoni s\u00fcnnihetk on t\u00e4pselt fikseeritud \u00fche 1959. aasta rongis\u00f5idu ajal toimunud vestlusega. Herbert Abel, T\u00f5nu Luik ja J\u00fcri-Hain Kaljusto s\u00f5itsid nimelt Moskvast Sverdlovskisse ja otsustasid, et Vaasa suusamaratoni eeskujul tuleb Tartuski p\u00fcsti panna oma maraton. Selle ideega mindi ENSV Spordi\u00fchingute ja -organisatsioonide Liidu Tartu n\u00f5ukogu esimehe jutule, kes \u00fctleski jah. 16. jaanuaril 1960 rivistus \u00fcles 214 osalejat, et alustada esimest Tartu\u2013K\u00e4\u00e4riku 55-kilomeetrist matka. 2019. aastal v\u00f5ttis Tartu Maratonist osa juba \u00fcle 7000 inimese.<\/p>\n

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Maratonij\u00e4rgne kehakinnitus. Foto: Klubi Tartu Maraton<\/p><\/div>\n

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Esimesed suusad Eestis olid k\u00f5ik k\u00e4sitsi valmistatud. Siin on D\u00fcnamo suusavabriku suusad Estonia, mille p\u00f5hjad Tambet Kibal 1980. aasta paiku ise \u201eplastikuga\u201c kattis. Segu koosnes EPO-liimist ning alumiinium- ja grafiitpulbrist, mis ta kihtide kaupa suusap\u00f5hjadele kandis, lihvides iga kihi eraldi \u00fcle. Kibal s\u00f5itis selliste suuskadega 1980. aastate alguse maratonidel. Foto: ERM A 903:30\/ab<\/p><\/div>\n

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Tartu Maraton. Foto: Adam Illingworth, 2019<\/p><\/div>\n

Eesti suusatamise ajalugu on kulgenud koos maailma suusalooga. \u00dcks mis kindel: suusatamist on alati saatnud r\u00f5\u00f5m ja elevus.<\/p>\n

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Helmi Voolmann s\u00f5branna ja lastega Glehni pargis. Foto: Hans Voolmann, u 1932. ERM fk 2957:18<\/p><\/div>\n

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R\u00f5\u00f5mus suusataja. Foto: Uno Pilvre, 1950. ERM fk 2897:72<\/p><\/div>\n

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Aleksander Ganuzin perega. Foto: Viktor Salmre, 1971. ERM fk 2644:8447<\/p><\/div>\n

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Valli Lember-Bogatkina perega. Foto: Viktor Salmre, 1967. ERM fk 2644:5074<\/p><\/div>\n

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Tallinlased suusatamas. Foto: Ivar Vilde, 1989. ERM fk 2777:1140<\/p><\/div>\n

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Tartu Suusaklubi poisid dendropargis. Vasakult Kaspar Kokk, Jaak Teppan, Herkki Ilves. Foto: Anu J\u00e4rs, 1999. ERM fk 2688:48<\/p><\/div>\n

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Autor: Kata Maria Metsar, ERMi n\u00e4ituste korralduse talituse produtsent See lugu on p\u00fchendatud suusatamisele, mis tundub lumevaesel talvel \u00fcha ligit\u00f5mbavam. Pealegi m\u00f6\u00f6dub just t\u00e4navu 60 aastat esimesest Tartu Maratonist ning selleks puhuks on Eesti Rahva Muuseumisse \u00fcles seatud n\u00e4itus \u201eTartu Maraton 60\u201c. See avab maratoni ajalugu ja edastab ka v\u00e4rvikaid lugusid ning juhtumisi. Aga miks,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13299,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13292","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-foto","category-naitus"],"yoast_head":"\nMetsast maratonile: suusatamisest Eestis - Eesti Rahva Muuseumi ajaveeb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.erm.ee\/?p=13292\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"et_EE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Metsast maratonile: suusatamisest Eestis - Eesti Rahva Muuseumi ajaveeb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Autor: Kata Maria Metsar, ERMi n\u00e4ituste korralduse talituse produtsent See lugu on p\u00fchendatud suusatamisele, mis tundub lumevaesel talvel \u00fcha ligit\u00f5mbavam. 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Pealegi m\u00f6\u00f6dub just t\u00e4navu 60 aastat esimesest Tartu Maratonist ning selleks puhuks on Eesti Rahva Muuseumisse \u00fcles seatud n\u00e4itus \u201eTartu Maraton 60\u201c. See avab maratoni ajalugu ja edastab ka v\u00e4rvikaid lugusid ning juhtumisi. 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