{"id":12336,"date":"2019-02-05T10:55:11","date_gmt":"2019-02-05T08:55:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.erm.ee\/?p=12336"},"modified":"2019-02-05T11:52:27","modified_gmt":"2019-02-05T09:52:27","slug":"elada-nagu-siga-kartuhvliaias","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.erm.ee\/?p=12336","title":{"rendered":"Elada nagu siga kartuhvliaias"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Tekst: Maarja Vaikmaa, sisuturunduse spetsialist<\/em><\/p>\n

T\u00e4na algab Hiina kalendri kaheteistk\u00fcmnendale ehk viimasele t\u00e4hem\u00e4rgile p\u00fchendatud Kollase Maa Sea aasta.<\/p>\n

Siga on v\u00e4ga olulisel kohal ka eestlaste rahvap\u00e4rimuses, alustades seaohvrist ja viljakuse s\u00fcmbolist ning l\u00f5petades rahvaravi ja heledah\u00e4\u00e4lsete sigu kutsuvate taluperenaistega kirjandusklassikas. Keegi ei taha \u201ep\u00f5rsast kotis osta\u201c ega olla iseloomustatud kui \u201epaha siga, mitu viga\u201c. K\u00f5va kisa meenutab “siga aia vahel” ning kui \u201esiga lendab\u201c, on ilmselt k\u00e4es 1. aprill.<\/p>\n

Avan kodusea rolli eestlaste elus ja folklooris p\u00f5hjalikumalt rahvaluuleteadlase Matthias Johann Eiseni ja folkloristi Marju K\u00f5ivupuu kirjutiste abil.<\/p>\n

Seaohver<\/h3>\n
\n

Seaohvrit ohverdati vististi palju. Ise\u00e4ranis h\u00e4sti hoidsid seaohvrid endid alal ristiusu ajal. Ristiusk \u00f5petas uusi kristlasi karja-, nimelt sigadekaitsjat Antoniust austama. Antoniuse auks ehitati siin ja seal kabeleid. Mungad n\u00e4gid heameelega, et rahvas t\u00f5i kabelitesse sigu ohvriks. Rahvas ohverdas sigu \u00f5ieti vanadele jumalatele; mungad nimetasid ohvrisaajat p\u00fchaks Antoniuseks, kellest rahvasuu hiljem T\u00f5nise, T\u00f5nni tegi. Sigade ohverdamisest enestele kasu lootes, kihutasid mungad inimesi just taga p\u00f5rsaid ohverdama. Viljandis n\u00e4iteks kasvatasid isegi mungad kangesti sigu, muidugi mitte ohverdamiseks, vaid s\u00f6\u00f6miseks Antoniuse auks. Antoniuse mungad arstisid peale muu sealihaga pidalit\u00f5be. (Eisen 1996: 34)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\"\"

Siga Delfiin. ERM TM Fk 738:1<\/p><\/div>\n

Siga toidulaual<\/h3>\n
\n

T\u00f5nisep\u00e4eva ohverdamiskombed on endid osalt meie p\u00e4evini alal hoidnud; v\u00e4hemalt tuletvad need kombed endist ohverdamist meelde. Laialt on rahva seas viisiks t\u00f5nisep\u00e4eval siga tappa. Seda siga ei ohverdata ometi enam katoliiklaste T\u00f5nisele ega vanade eestlaste karjajumalale, vaid see ohver langeb pererahvale enesele toiduks. […]<\/p>\n

Vastlap\u00e4eval v\u00f5etakse seajalad k\u00e4sile. [\u2026] Seajalgade kondid viidi sealauta, visati nurka ja \u00f6eldi emisele: \u201eTee mulle nii mitu poega kui siin konte!\u201c [\u2026] Seasaba hoidis perenaine kuni j\u00fcrip\u00e4evani, V\u00f5rumaal kuni odrak\u00fclvi ajani. Odrak\u00fclvi ajaks keetis ta saba \u00e4ra ja s\u00f6\u00f6tise peremehele, lootes, et siis odrapead nii tugevad kasvavad kui seasaba. […]<\/p>\n

Muiste ohverdati p\u00f5hjamaal j\u00f5uluajal igal pool sigu, nimelt Freyale orikaid, keda lepitusorikateks kutsutakse. [\u2026] Vaesemad inimesed ohverdasid t\u00f5elise orika puudumisel s\u00fcmboolse orika, leivast tehtu. Seda j\u00f5uluorikat tuntakse enamasti igal pool Eestis; v\u00e4hemalt saartelt, L\u00e4\u00e4nest, Harjust ja J\u00e4rvast olen ta j\u00e4lgi leidnud. [\u2026] Teisal ei nimetatud ise\u00e4ralikku j\u00f5ululeiba j\u00f5uluorikaks, vaid lihtsalt j\u00f5ulukakuks, nimelt seal, kus j\u00f5uluorika nimi tundmata. Kuid j\u00f5ulukakulegi katsutakse tihti sea kuju anda: taignale pistetakse s\u00f5rmega \u201esilmad p\u00e4he\u201c, k\u00e4si kujundab silmade juures p\u00e4tsi otsa teravaks ninaks, teeb kaks jalga alla, l\u00fchidalt, perenaine katsub kakule v\u00f5imalikult sea v\u00e4ljan\u00e4gemise anda. Uuel aastal viiakse j\u00f5uluorikas lauta ja antakse sellest natuke igale loomale. (Eisen 1996: 35-37)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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Viljandi N\u00e4idissovhoosi Savikoti sigalas. ERM HM Fk 468<\/p><\/div>\n

Siga folklooris ja legendides<\/h3>\n
\n

Siga s\u00fcmboliseeris viljakust ja \u00f5nne. Naistel, kes ei j\u00e4\u00e4nud lapseootele, soovitati juua seapiima. Ja k\u00fcllap paljudel meist on kodus vanu j\u00f5ulupostkaarte, millel on kujutatud r\u00f5\u00f5msa n\u00e4oga siga v\u00f5i p\u00f5rsas, neljaleheline ristikhein suunurgas, all j\u00f5ulutervitus. […]<\/p>\n

Sea kohta kasutatakse k\u00f5nekeeles tihtipeale v\u00e4ljendit \u201evend Oskar\u201c. Legendide p\u00f5hjal v\u00f5ibki v\u00e4ita, et siga on inimesest loodud, ja sellised p\u00e4rimuslood p\u00f5hjendavad omal kombel, miks m\u00f5ned rahvad usulistel p\u00f5hjustel sealiha ei s\u00f6\u00f6, miks siga on roojane. […]<\/p>\n

Et emisel s\u00fcnniks palju p\u00f5rsaid, tuli s\u00f5nnikuvedamise ajal sea pesa tervelt \u00e4ra v\u00f5tta ja p\u00e4rast j\u00e4lle tervel lauta viia. Kui pesa viib sisse meesterahvas, s\u00f5nnivad enamjaolt kuldid, kui naisterahvas \u2013 emised. Muuseas, sea pesa on v\u00e4ga korralik ja puhas ning me teeme kindlasti seale liiga, kui v\u00f5rdleme kellegi korratut elamist seapesaga. (K\u00f5ivupuu 2017: 175-176)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\"\"

Emis p\u00f5rsastega. ERM Fk 2991:8<\/p><\/div>\n

Sea kosumine<\/h3>\n
\n

Usuti, et k\u00fclast p\u00f5rsast tuues ei tohi kotisuud kinni siduda \u2013 muidu p\u00f5rsas p\u00e4rast enam ei s\u00f6\u00f6. Kodus t\u00f5steti p\u00f5rsas kotiga ahjukummile, et ta h\u00e4sti suureks kasvaks. K\u00fclast toodud p\u00f5rsast ei tohtinud kellelegi n\u00e4idata, et kuri silm loomast \u00fcle ei k\u00e4iks. P\u00f5rsaid on peetud kurjale silmale eriliselt vastuv\u00f5tlikuks. […]<\/p>\n

T\u00e4htis on seegi, et sead h\u00e4sti s\u00f6\u00f6ks ja kosuks. Selleks on seasulgu visatud r\u00e4stik \u2013 siga rapib ta \u00e4ra ja pistab m\u00f5nuga nahka. Usuti, et sead hakkavad h\u00e4sti s\u00f6\u00f6ma ka mitmesuguste maagiliste toimingute m\u00f5jul. N\u00e4iteks otsiti kolm v\u00e4rsket mutimullahunnikut, v\u00f5eti igast hunnikust kolm n\u00e4put\u00e4it mulda, toodi koju, v\u00f5eti kolme n\u00e4puga kolm korda soola, segati mullaga, loeti \u00fche hingega kolm korda issameie peale, tehti vasaku k\u00e4e nimetiss\u00f5rmega \u00fcheksa ringi vastup\u00e4eva \u00fcmber mulla, mullast tehti seak\u00fcna alla kolm risti, k\u00fcna pandi j\u00e4lle paigale ja s\u00f6\u00f6k k\u00fcnasse, s\u00f6\u00f6gi peale tehti mullast j\u00e4lle kolm risti \u2013 ja siga hakkab h\u00e4sti s\u00f6\u00f6ma. Kui p\u00f5rsas ei s\u00f6\u00f6nud, tuli ta kolm korda mustast s\u00e4rgist l\u00e4bi ajada. Nuumale soovitati siga panna laup\u00e4eval \u2013 siis v\u00f5tab ta h\u00e4sti kaalus juurde. (K\u00f5ivupuu 2017: 177-178)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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Siga Leedi. ERM TM Fk 738:4<\/p><\/div>\n

Siga rahvameditsiinis<\/h3>\n
\n

Eestlasele on l\u00e4bi aegade k\u00f5ige kergemini k\u00e4ttesaadav loomne rasv kodusea rasv v\u00f5i seapekk. Sellest on keedetud erinevaid ravisalve ning seda on kasutatud ka nn m\u00fctoloogiliste haiguste,\u00a0 n\u00e4iteks maa-aluste raviks. [\u2026] Searasva baasil keedetud salvid on rahvaravis populaarsed ka t\u00e4nap\u00e4eval. \u00dcks sellised ravisalve on kodus valmistatud saialillesalv. (K\u00f5ivupuu 2017: 296)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\"\"

Nukuteatri etendus “Buratino lendab Kuule”. Meesn\u00e4itleja Siga juhtimas. Foto: Viktor Salmre. ERM Fk 2644:291<\/p><\/div>\n

\n

Luban endal l\u00f5petuseks fantaseerida, et kui eesti vanarahvas kirjutanuks m\u00f5ne t\u00e4nap\u00e4eval ilmuva p\u00e4evalehe veergudel algavaks sea-aastaks ennustust, v\u00f5inuks see olla ehk midagi s\u00e4\u00e4rast\u2026!?<\/p>\n

Mida toob Kollase Maa Sea aasta?<\/h3>\n

T\u00f6\u00f6 ja karj\u00e4\u00e4r
\n<\/strong>Peenem olla siga kui m\u00f5ni saks. Pea meeles, et esmasp\u00e4evase t\u00f6\u00f6 s\u00f6\u00f6b siga \u00e4ra. Ei ole viga, kui peremees siga, aga kui sulane siga, siis palju viga.<\/p>\n

Raha ja edu
\n<\/strong>Teadagi, et siga s\u00f6\u00f6b sitke varanduse. Kuid kuidas siga s\u00f6\u00f6dad, n\u00f5nda siga ka kasvab.<\/p>\n

Armastus ja suhted
\n<\/strong>Abielumees on \u00f5nnelik, kui toimetab teadmise j\u00e4rgi, et iga mees on oma naise siga: s\u00f6\u00f6b \u00e4ra k\u00f5ik lobid, mis naine teeb. Vallalistel meestel tasub silmas pidada, et naist tuleb v\u00f5tta argip\u00e4eval: siga pestakse m\u00f5nikord p\u00fchap\u00e4evakski puhtaks. Abielunaistel tuleb valvas olla \u2014 kui siga rukkis \u00f5pib k\u00e4ima, ega ta siis enam karjas seisa. Neidudel tasub aga meeles pidada, et \u00fcleannetu poiss ja pahur siga \u2014 need teevad alati pahandust.<\/p>\n

Loe, mida toob sinu jaoks kaasa uue loomam\u00e4rgi aasta!<\/p>\n

J\u00e4\u00e4r
\n<\/strong><\/em>Kui siga enne j\u00fcrip\u00e4eva mudas aeleb, tulla k\u00fclm kevade.<\/p>\n

S\u00f5nn
\n<\/strong><\/em>Paha siga, parem \u00f5nn.<\/p>\n

Kaksikud
\n<\/strong><\/em>Ei aiasiga tea, mis \u00f5ueseale tarvis on.<\/p>\n

V\u00e4hk
\n<\/strong><\/em>Siga ja sepp on \u00fcks: siga teeb sita, sepp teeb raua uueks.<\/p>\n

L\u00f5vi
\n<\/strong><\/em>N\u00e4ljane siga s\u00f6\u00f6b \u00f5htul kah.<\/p>\n

Neitsi<\/em>
\n<\/strong>\u00c4ra viska p\u00e4rleid sigade ette.<\/p>\n

Kaalud<\/em>
\n<\/strong>Kuidas siga, n\u00f5nda k\u00fcna.<\/p>\n

Skorpion<\/em>
\n<\/strong>Iga siga oma soo poolt.<\/p>\n

Ambur<\/em>
\n<\/strong>Raha peab taskus olema, muidu ei l\u00e4he siga tee p\u00e4\u00e4lt k\u00f5rvale.<\/p>\n

Kaljukits
\n<\/strong><\/em>\u00dcks siga teise t\u00f6\u00f6d ei tusti.<\/p>\n

Veevalaja
\n<\/strong><\/em>Kikas kell, siga ajaraamat.<\/p>\n

Kalad
\n<\/strong><\/em>Vaga siga otsib s\u00fcgavad juured \u00fcles.<\/p>\n

\n

Kasutatud allikad<\/h3>\n

Eisen, Matthias Johann 1996 [1920]. Esivanemate ohverdamised. Tallinn: Mats<\/p>\n

K\u00f5ivupuu, Marju 2017. Loomad eestlaste elus ja folklooris. Tallinn: T\u00e4nap\u00e4ev<\/p>\n

Eesti vanas\u00f5nade andmebaas<\/a> (kasutatud 04.02.2019)<\/p>\n

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Tekst: Maarja Vaikmaa, sisuturunduse spetsialist T\u00e4na algab Hiina kalendri kaheteistk\u00fcmnendale ehk viimasele t\u00e4hem\u00e4rgile p\u00fchendatud Kollase Maa Sea aasta. Siga on v\u00e4ga olulisel kohal ka eestlaste rahvap\u00e4rimuses, alustades seaohvrist ja viljakuse s\u00fcmbolist ning l\u00f5petades rahvaravi ja heledah\u00e4\u00e4lsete sigu kutsuvate taluperenaistega kirjandusklassikas. Keegi ei taha \u201ep\u00f5rsast kotis osta\u201c ega olla iseloomustatud kui \u201epaha siga, mitu viga\u201c. K\u00f5va…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":12340,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12336","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sundmus"],"yoast_head":"\nElada nagu siga kartuhvliaias - Eesti Rahva Muuseumi ajaveeb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.erm.ee\/?p=12336\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"et_EE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Elada nagu siga kartuhvliaias - Eesti Rahva Muuseumi ajaveeb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Tekst: Maarja Vaikmaa, sisuturunduse spetsialist T\u00e4na algab Hiina kalendri kaheteistk\u00fcmnendale ehk viimasele t\u00e4hem\u00e4rgile p\u00fchendatud Kollase Maa Sea aasta. 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